摘要:

A retrospective study of 30 Huntington's disease families (110 patients: 75 alive and 35 dead) known to a regional genetic centre, using multiple sources of information, showed the minimum lifetime prevalence of depression to be 39% in the prodrome and the diagnosed disease phase of the illness. The frequency of symptomatic schizophrenia was found to be about 9% and significant personality changes were found in 72% of the sample, some of them leading to gross behavioural anomalies. The findings reinforce the point that depression and schizophrenia, unaccompanied or preceded by organic personality changes and/or very early neural symptoms, are unlikely to lead to the eventual manifestation of the disease.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01587.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A retrospective analysis of the psychotrophic medication, illness history and recent mental symptoms of 28 schizophrenic or paranoid inpatients who had committed suicide and the same number of matched control subjects was carried out. The groups were first compared separately for every variable, and 6 statistically most significant variables in the paired comparisons were then entered into a stepwise linear logistic regression model. Four statistically significant differences between the groups were found with the paired comparisions. The suicide group had more often previous suicide attempts, lower neuroleptic doses, more depressive symptoms and less positive schizophrenic symtoms compared to their controls. The results of the regression analysis suggested that the lower neuroleptic doses in the suicide group were more probably a consequence of the differences in the symptom profile than in a direct causal relationship to the suicides per se.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01588.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous studies have suggested that depression and suicide are related to alterations in total cholesterol serum concentrations, and that an altered distribution of haptoglobin (Hp) phenotypes in major depression indicates that variation on chromosome 16 may be associated with that illness. Lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT, EC 2.3.1.43), the enzyme that catalyzes the esterifying reaction of cholesterol in serum, is located close to the Hp gene. This study examined the serum concentrations of total and free cholesterol and the esterified cholesterol ratio in 26 healthy controls, 47 unipolar depressed subjects (16 minor, 14 simple major and 17 melancholic depressed subjects) and 12 relatives of melancholic subjects. Depressed subjects (regardless of subtype) and relatives of depressed subjects had a significantly lower esterified cholesterol ratio than normal controls. No significant differences in total or free cholesterol concentrations were found between the above study groups. In depressed subjects, there were no significant relationships between the esterified cholesterol ratio, total or free cholesterol and postdexamethasone adrenocorticotropic or cortisol values, Hp phenotypes, severity of illness or suicidal symptoms. It is hypothesized that lower esterification in serum cholesterol may constitute a vulnerability factor for depression through alterations in cell membrane microviscosity.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01589.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a retrospective study of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, potential cases were traced, studied, and diagnosed according to ICD‐10. Forty‐two cases were found in Bornholm County, comprising the island of Bornholm in Denmark, in a population of 47,000 from 1970 to 1989. Less than half of these cases (n= 16) were registered in Danish psychiatric case registers, and 35% (n= 14) could be found only by search in primary care. The incidence rates were stable during most of the study period, but a significant increase occurred during the last 5 years. The prevalence rates, determined by counting the number of cases in the population year by year, also increased during the late part of the study period. In 1989 the incidence rate of the high‐risk group of females 10 to 24 years of age was 136 per 100,000 for anorexia nervosa and 45 per 100,000 for bulimia nervosa, and the prevalence rate was 222 per 100,000 for anorexia nervosa and 89 per 100,000 for bulimia ne

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01590.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To investigate whether the occurrence of extrapyramidal side effects was related to D2 dopamine receptor occupancy, iodobenzamide single positron emission computed tomography was carried out in 27 schizophrenic patients and 10 controls. Eighteen patients were treated with haloperidol; 9 patients were treated with clozapine. Our data suggest a relationship between D2 receptor occupancy and extrapyramidal side effects as well as the existence of a neuroleptic threshold of a striatal:frontal cortex ratio of 1.2, below which drug‐induced exptrapyramidal side effects can be expecte

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01591.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Noradrenergic receptor sensitivity of 16 healthy male siblings of heroin addicts and of 8 age and sex‐matched controls was examined by administering a clonidine stimulation test and by measuring the resulting growth hormone (GH) (alpha‐2‐adrenoceptors) and beta‐endorphin (β‐endorphin) (alpha‐1‐adrenoceptors) responses. Siblings were divided into two groups: A = siblings of heroin addicts with personality disorders and high aggressivity and B = siblings of heroin addicts without mental disorders. The GH and β‐endorphin responses to clonidine were blunted in group A subjects compared with controls and

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01592.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dissociation and childhood abuse were studied in female eating disorder outpatients in Japan. A self‐report version of the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (DDIS), which includes data on physical and sexual abuse, and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) were used. Nine of 41 subjects who completed the DDIS reported symptoms suggesting DSM‐III‐R multiple personality, and 6 of the 39 subjects who completed the DES scored over 30 (reflecting a high likelihood of posttraumatic stress or multiple personality). Subjects’ sexual abuse history rates were considerably greater then those in the Japanese general population. Though physical abuse history was associated with high dissociation, no difference was seen between the high and low dissociators in sexual abuse hi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01593.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifty newly diagnosed, briefly treated or drug‐naive patients with schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder were examined by psychopathology scales for positive (SAPS), negative (SANS) and overall psychotic symptoms (PSE and BPRS). CT‐scan and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurement by99mTc‐HMPAO SPECT during rest and mental activation by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was performed as well. Twenty‐five age‐matched normal healthy volunteers served as controls. Thought disorders and fundamental symptoms correlated positively with relatively high, though subnormal prefrontal (PFC) rCBF and high rCBF in temporal cortex; positive symptoms correlated positively with high rCBF in the striatum and temporal cortex during activation. Negative symptoms correlated with high prefrontal rCBF. The patients had sulcal enlargement and smaller brain volume compared with the healthy volunteers. There were no signs of ventricular enlargement. Neither total negative symptoms, thought disorder nor fundamental symptoms correlated with any CT measurements. Total positive symptoms correlated negatively with the size of the temporal horns. The relatively high rCBF in PFC and temporal cortex of cases with pronounced positive and negative symptoms and thought disorder may imply that an aberrant cortical network has to be active to express a malattuned clinical output. The striatal hyperfunction mainly in productive cases may be a secondary phenomenon and more pronounced in cases where no signs of subcortical atrophy has (yet

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bond's Defense Style Questionnaire was administered to control subjects from the general population (n= 50) and to psychiatric outpatients with neurosis (n= 42), high‐level personality disorder (n= 37) and low‐level personality disorder (n= 22). Factor analysis yielded 4 defense styles ranging on a continuum from immature to mature; the reliabilities of the subscales as measured with Cronbach's alpha were adequate. Three of the styles – the mature, neurotic and immature – were similar to the styles in Bond's original study, but the fourth style consisted of items reflecting inhibition instead of omnipotence as in the original study. The level of defense maturity varied with severity of disorder. The construct and criterion validity of the measure are di

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have previously shown that the mortality of patients with recurrent affective disorders in long‐term lithium treatment is not higher than that of the general population. In the present study on 471 patients from Denmark and Germany, we examined mortality during the initial year of lithium treatment and during later lithium treatment. During initial lithium treatment, the total mortality was twice as high as in the general population (difference not significant) and the mortality due to suicide 16 times higher. During later lithium treatment, the mortality rates did not differ from those in the general population. Our results indicate that patients with frequent, often severe recurrences, those chosen for prophylactic lithium treatment, are at risk of high mortality, which then diminishes as the prophylactic action of the treatment takes effec

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY