摘要:

Thirty‐six patients with panic disorder (PD) and 35 patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) participated in an open alprazolam treatment phase that preceded controlled withdrawal from alprazolam. Clinical ratings, blood pressure and heart rate were obtained along with plasma measurements of Cortisol, ACTH, growth hormone and catecholamines. A similar clinical response profile was evident in both groups with rapid onset of improvement within the first week. The two diagnostic groups differed in their biological response to alprazolam. PD patients had a significant reduction in blood pressure, plasma Cortisol and a trend toward significant reduction in plasma epinephrine, which were not seen in the GAD patients. GAD patients showed a significant reduction in plasma norepinephrine. These findings provide further evidence that PD and GAD are biologically distinct syndrome

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09604.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prevalence of mental illness in five different Scandinavian primary care populations was investigated in this study. Patients consecutively consulting their general practitioner a particular week‐day were included in the study. Initially the SCL‐25 was applied and next the high scores and a sample of the low scores were interviewed by the PSE. In the analysis the screening procedure was first validated. The internal validity of the SCL was tested by means of Rasch latent structure analysis and the external validity tested by ROC/QROC analysis. Based on this, a short 8–item version of the SCL was developed. The prevalence of mental illness in all centres was 0.26 with a minimum of 0.14 in Nacka and a maximum of 0.34 in

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09605.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The interrater reliability of the Munich Diagnostic Checklist (MDCL) was assessed in a small clinical sample and two population samples in the Russian Federation and Belarus. A team of Russian and Belarussian psychiatrists made DSM‐III‐R diagnoses, using the MDCL as the basis for a standardized interview. The interrater reliability was found to be satisfactory (kappa = 0.86 for casevsnon‐case distinction). In the population samples, the interviewing psychiatrist, in addition to making a DSM‐III‐R diagnosis, classified each respondent on a checklist of 11 clinical syndromes familiar to Russian psychiatry and made a severity rating. The overall concurrent validity indices based on the comparison of these diagnostic ratings were fairly high (kappa 0.48–0.82), suggesting considerable agreement between the DSM‐III‐R and traditional Russian diagn

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09606.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since abnormalities of brain development play a role in the aetiology of schizophrenia, growth factors, known to play a role in neurodevelopment, such as neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3), are therefore candidate genes for this disorder. The A3/147 bp allele of a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the promoter region of the NT‐3 gene has been reported as occurring more frequently in a sample of Japanese schizophrenics compared to controls. We have determined the frequency of alleles of this polymorphism in 175 Caucasian schizophrenic patients and 147 control subjects. The patient and control samples showed no significant deviation from Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium and, in a test of all alleles, the patients and controls did not differ significantly in allele frequencies. However, the male schizophrenics were more likely than male controls to have the A3/147 bp allele (P

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09607.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The associations between cognitive functioning, depression questionnaire results, and diagnosed psychiatric disorders were examined among 85 HIV‐1 infected patients at different stages of systemic infection and 39 seronegative controls. An affective scale and a somatic scale of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to measure depression. Psychiatric disorders before or after the diagnosis of seropositivity were evaluated. The patients with symptomatic HIV‐1 infection (AIDS related complex, AIDS) reported more somatic symptoms of depression than the subjects with asymptomatic infection or the controls, whereas psychological depression and psychiatric disorders were unrelated to the severity of HIV‐1 disease. Psychiatric disorders diagnosed during HIV‐1 disease were slightly associated with poor verbal memory only among symptomatic patients. Impaired visual memory showed an association with depressive mood and with psychiatric disorders preceding the diagnosis of seropositivity which suggests that factors other than HIV‐1 may explain these subjects' poor visu

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09608.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study sample of 50 patients suffering from schizophrenia was examined at readmission and thereafter every second week until each patient had been interviewed five times i.e. eight weeks in total. Three types of recovery are identified, one with full and two with partial recovery of delusional beliefs. In patients with full recovery, the delusional dimensions (conviction, extension and pressure) decrease in a parallel manner. In patients with partial recovery, decreases in pressure precede decreases in other dimensions. Two‐thirds (64%) of the patients have high insight from the very start of admission, and for two‐thirds (68%) the degree of insight does not change during recovery. The average degree of insight increases during recovery, irrespective of the type of recovery. It is concluded that insight operates to some degree independently of positive psychotic symptoms and may be perceived as a distinct component of recov

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09609.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

By means of a recently constructed anamnestic instrument, the questionnaire Childhood Unwanted Sexual Events (the CHUSE), the incidence of childhood experiences with sexual threat and/or abuse is investigated among 152 female psychiatric patients. The construction and applicability of the questionnaire are described. A Guttman scale‐analysis shows a unidimensional construct (severity of the sexual abuse) for the CHUSE. Within this psychiatric population, sexually abused women report significantly more psychopathological symptoms than non‐abused women. The correlation between severity of the abuse and severity of the psychopathological symptoms is investigated. The use of questionnaires concerning sexual abuse is compared with the more common interview techniques, and suggestions for future research are gi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09610.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 5 year prospective study of 44 first admission schizophrenic patients was conducted in Geneva, in order to evaluate the prognostic value of Expressed Emotion (EE). The predictive power of the EE index was tested on 3 variables of outcome: relapse rates, social adaptation and hospital stays. The EE index and the outcome measures tended to be associated. After the third year, patients living with high EE relatives were significantly more maladjusted and relapsed more than those living with low EE relatives. At intake, the patients presenting more premorbid features lived in high EE households. Our results show that initial measure of EE in a first episode cohort is predictive of outcome over a five‐year period. This may not be causal, as it cannot be excluded that poorer premorbid functioning alone may result in poorer outcome, and may also elicit high EE in the relativ

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09611.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Suicide rates for New Zealanders identified as Maori were analysed for the period 1957‐91 and compared with those for non‐Maori people. Overall, Maori men had about half the risk of suicide of non‐Maori men, and Maori women one‐third the risk of non‐Maori women. Nevertheless, there was a sharp increase in suicide rates for Maori aged 15–24 years during the period studied, with rates for the 1987–91 time period of 35.2/100,000 for men and 6.0/100,000 for women. These were similar to the high suicide rates of young non‐Maori New Zealanders. Suicide among Maori in pre‐European times appears to have been embedded in traditional culture and may have occurred particularly among bereaved women; today the pattern is one of high rates in young men who are likely to have been f

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09612.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self‐rating and therapist rating in nonpsychotic patients with unipolar depressive disorders. We also wanted to find out whether the presence of personality disorders would influence the results. At admission and discharge 117 patients filled in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and were rated by a therapist on the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Based on the CPRS‐scores, two indices of depression were calculated: CPRS‐dep and Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Sixty‐three patients had DSM‐III‐R major depression, 30 had dysthymic disorder, while 24 had no depressive disorder. Eighty suffered from one or more personality disorders, mostly within cluster C. The self rating (BDI) and therapist ratings (CPRS‐dep and MADRS) were strongly intercorrelated, with a nonsignificant tendency for weaker correlations in patients with personality disorders. All scales were useful to separate depressed from non‐depressed, and to discriminate between major depression and dysthymic disorder, with a tendency in favour of BDI. As cut‐off scores for major depression we recommend the sum score of 23 on the BDI, and mean scores of 1 on CPRS‐dep and 1.1 on MADRS on a 0–3 scale. When these values are used, 70–79% of patients

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09613.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY