摘要:

Many different variables have been associated with suicidal behavior as well as with violent behavior. This study was designed to test a model that attempts to relate such variables to violence and suicide risk. Sixty psychiatric patients were evaluated and divided into suicidal and nonsuicidal groups and then into violent and nonviolent groups. Scores on suicide risk, violence risk, anxiety, anger, impulsivity and mood were then compared between these groups. In a second analysis, scores on suicide risk and violence risk were correlated with all the other variables. Anxiety and impulsivity were found to strongly correlate with suicide risk. Angry and resentful mood correlated with violence risk; trait anxiety correlated negatively with violence risk. The results contribute further insight into the authors' two‐stage model of countervailing force

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03321.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between family history of psychosis and cortical sulcal widening on CT scans was investigated. Forty‐two schizophrenic subjects with a positive family history were individually matched to 42 schizophrenics with no documented family history and 42 healthy controls. Abnormally wide sulci, as defined on the basis of the normal control data, were significantly more common in the family history negative group (9/42) than in the family history positive group (1/42) or the controls (2/36). No significant correlation was found between cerebral cortical ratings and ventricular siz

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03322.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Progressive cognitive impairment in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex (ADC), significantly influences the social prognosis of afflicted patients. The frequency and character in different stages of the infection are controversially discussed. In previous studies, differences in the selection of patients and methods of testing led to widely differing results. For these reasons, in the present prospective study on 45 HIV‐infected patients, a structured psychiatric interview (SIDAM) was conducted based on the algorithm of diagnosing dementia in DSM‐III‐R and the ICD‐10 guidelines. The psychopathological findings are expressed in syndrome scores; the results are summarized in a total score (SISCO). The interview contains the Mini‐Mental State Examination. The degree of psychosocial functioning was estimated on the global assessment of functioning, Axis V of DSM‐III‐R. In stages preceding AIDS, only slight cognitive dysfunction was found compared with age‐ and education‐matched normal controls, and this caused no relevant disturbance of psychosocial functioning. In 9 patients with manifest AIDS, dementia was diagnosed with DSM‐III‐R criteria and ICD‐10 guidelines (30% of the AIDS patients). They showed marked impairment of intellectual ability, memory, verbal ability and calculation and constructional ability and fewer cortical focal symptoms (aphasia and apraxia). Corresponding to previous studies, major cognitive dysfunction in HIV infection can be characterized

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03323.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An empirical classification of 203 adolescent suicide attempters (mean age 17.3) was achieved using multiple correspondence analysis. The characteristics upon which the classification is based concern sociodemographic as well as psychological variables. Two groups are identified: the first is predominantly characterized by recent problematic behaviors, whereas the second group is primarily characterized by problematic circumstances. Analyzing related variables, the first group seems to have special clinical and preventive interest, because of its high risk for recidivism. The second group seems to have a satisfactory level of functioning.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03324.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We administered the Karolinska Scales of Personality to 225 healthy subjects in Spain selected from a group of 925 individuals previously phenotyped with regard to their capacity to hydroxylate debrisoquine. A significant relationship was found between the scores in as many as 4 of the 15 subscales (psychic anxiety, psychasthenia, inhibition of aggression and socialization) and the debrisoquine hydroxylation capacity. Poor metabolizers were more anxiety‐prone and less successfully socialized than extensive metabolizers of debrisoquine. This and a previous study among subjects in Sweden suggest that there may be a relationship between personality and the activity of the enzyme hydroxylating debrisoquine (cytochrome P4502D6). This polymorphic enzyme may have an endogenous neuroactive substrate or product, such as a biogenic neurotransmitter amin

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03325.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The demographic, clinical and pharmacological risk factors for persistent tardive dyskinesia (TD) were investigated in a sample of 1745 patients. When simultaneously adjusting for the effects of demographic and pharmacological factors using multivariate logistic regression, female sex and advanced age were positively and significantly associated with increased risk of TD. Interaction between these two variables, investigated by cross‐stratification, was significant. Furthermore, high neuroleptic dose and concomitant use of neuroleptic and antiparkinsonian drugs were both significantly associated with increased risk of TD. The results support the view that both vulnerability factors and high neuroleptic doses contribute to the occurrence of TD and further stress the relevance of a conservative use of antipsychotic medication, particularly in older wome

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03326.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the use of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) in a sample of 155 Chinese psychiatric patients in Hong Kong. The commonly rated symptoms were those related to the spectrum of anxiety‐depression, and the symptom dimensions differed only slightly from those symptom clusters reported in past studies with the BPRS. Although symptoms were rated regardless of psychiatric diagnoses, the BPRS profiles of these patients were sensitive to diagnostic distinctions. In addition, these patients were also classifiable into the 8 phenomenological types. However, the less elevated BPRS profiles across types raised the question of whether there was a tendency to under‐present symptoms on the part of the patients or to under‐rate symptoms on the part of the clinicians. These results were discussed in terms of the use of the BPRS for descriptive and classification studies in the Chinese setting as well as for cross‐cultural r

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03327.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A retrospective analysis of the psychopharmacotherapy of 25 inpatients who had committed suicide and the same number of matched control subjects was carried out comparing the quality and doses of medication. Two statistically significant differences between the groups considering the medication were found. The suicide group had lower neuroleptic doses and they more often used benzodiazepine medication than the control group. The presence of depression was documented in the hospital charts more frequently in the suicides, but no differences were observed between the groups in the amount of antidepressant medication used.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03328.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Zuclopenthixol acetate—a new injectable formulation with a duration of action of 2–3 days—was compared with conventional intramuscular and oral formulations of haloperidol and zuclopenthixol in the initial treatment of acutely disturbed, psychotic patients. The patients were stratified into 3 diagnostic categories: acute psychoses (48 patients), mania (22 patients), and exacerbation of chronic psychoses (73 patients). The patients were rated on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Bech‐Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale (brmas) (only manic patients) and globally on the Clinical Global Impression (CGI). The study was an open, randomized multicentre trial with a 6‐day treatment period. The zuclopenthixol acetate patients received 1–4 doses, the haloperidol patients 1–26 and the zuclopenthixol patients 1–22 doses. The assessments on the CGI showed that all 3 treatments caused a clear reduction of the severity of illness scores in all 3 diagnostic categories, with no differences between treatments. The ratings of the acute and chronic psychotic patients on the BPRS also showed significant reductions in scores with no differences between treatments. All 3 treatments caused a rapid remission of symptoms on the BRMAS. Haloperidol induced hypokinesia in significantly more patients than zuclopenthixol acetate after 24 h. Later there were no significant differences between treatments. Zuclopenthixol acetate fulfils many desires for an amended neuroleptic formulation for the initial treatment of acutely disturbed psy

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03329.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We analyzed the relative seriousness of suicide attempts by boys based on 430 hospitalized suicide attempters ages 13 to 19 years. A comparison by sex of adolescent suicide attempters with a school population of non‐suicidal adolescents of the same age group shows greater differences in the areas of school failure, psychosomatic and distress‐related symptoms and substance abuse between suicidal and non‐suicidal boys than between suicidal and non‐suicidal girls. These findings suggest that compared with non‐suicidal boys and girls, suicidal boys show more deviant behavior than girls. The question then arises as to whether there are differences in the treatment received by male and female suicide attempters. On hospital admission, more boys than girls are sent to psychiatric wards, and boys are proposed follow‐up care more frequently than girls. On the other hand, boys and girls are not treated differently with respect to psychiatric consultations during hospitalization or coordination with outside physicians (family doctor, school doctor, other physicians) and the social services. These findings could serve as the basis for the development of specific treatment plans to meet the needs of su

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03330.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY