摘要:

ABSTRACT—Data from studies of dementia prevalence between 1945 to 1985 were analyzed statistically. Prevalence rates were found to vary as a function of methodological differences between studies. However, despite these differences, the relationship between prevalence and age was found to be consistent across studies, with rates doubling every 5.1 years. Across studies, Alzheimer's disease (AD) was found to be more common in women, with a tendency for multi‐infarct dementia (MID) to be more common in men. There were also national differences in the relative prevalence of AD and MID, with MID being more commmon in Japanese and Russian studies, no difference in Finnish and American studies, and an excess of AD in other Western European countr

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02906.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—In 1980, 572 patients were treated for depressive illness at Aro Neuro‐Psychiatric Hospital, Abeokuta in Nigeria. These included 91 cases in which diagnoses other than depression were initially made due to the overwhelming somatic and psychoneurotic symptoms which totally eclipsed the primary depressive symptoms. The presentation and management of these 91 cases have been described. There is the need for psychiatrists to be aware of the possibility of depressive illness being masked at presentation, particularly in Afric

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02907.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The management of 430 patients treated for depressive illness, at the Neuro‐Psychiatric Hospital Aro, Abeokuta, Nigeria, has been reviewed. Psychotherapy particularly with tricyclic antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy were the main methods of treatment, but neuroleptics and anxiolytics were frequently prescribed to combat psycho‐neurotic symptoms. Psychological management amounted to rudimentary psychotherapy and individual counselling provided by doctors and nurses with no particular training in these areas. The need to improve on material and personnel resources at the hospital was empha

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02908.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—In the present study, patients with idiopathic pain syndromes have been compared to healthy volunteers, patients with neurogenic pain syndromes and depressed patients as concerns stable personality traits. The personality traits were assessed by means of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). Patients with idiopathic pain syndromes were found to have high scores on scales measuring Muscular tension, Social desirability, Psychasthenia and Socialization. They had also high scores on the Inhibition of aggression factor. They had low scores on Impulsivity, Monotony avoidance, Indirect aggression, Verbal aggression and Suspicion. As compared to depressed patients, the pain patients were much more controlled, with higher scores on Socialization and Social desirability scales and like depressed patients with a tendency to inhibit aggression. Thus, as compared to depressed patients, the pain patients had less open anxiety but the same degree of muscular tensio

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02909.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Sixty four consecutive female alcoholic psychiatric patients were interviewed about the causes to which they attributed the start of the abuse and the interaction between lifetime drinking career and partnerships. Thirty‐three (51%) attributed the start to problems with partners (P‐group): 21 drank to keep their partners, 12 drank when they were abandoned. Among the others (non P‐group) four subgroups were identified: the social stigmatized group (n= 4), the parent abandoned group (n= 6), the teenage acting out group (n= 13), and the psychotic group (n= 7). Those who attributed the causes to a certain partnership (n= 33) were significantly older when the abuse started, more often divorced/separated, had more often had more than one alcoholic partner, less often a schizophrenic psychosis and more often a pure borderline personality d

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02910.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Sixty‐seven neuroleptic medicated mentally handicapped subjects in a hospital were rated on two occasions for abnormal involuntary movements on three scales: Abnormal Involuntary Movements (AIMS), Rockland and Parkinsonism scales, with 6 months between each assessment. Inter‐rater and test‐retest reliabilities were high. The data from the second assessment was analyzed. Prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) was 21% on AIMS, 42% on the Rockland scale; 60% had parkinsonism. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that age, sex, current neuroleptic and anticholinergic dose, antiepileptic medication, psychosis, cumulative anticholinergic dose were not significant predictors of TD as determined by AIMS. Parkinsonism and cumulative neuroleptic dose were significant predictors of and correlated positively with AIMS score. TD subjects formed 35% of the parkinsonian group. Overt brain damage was not a significant predictor of AIMS score and the difference between the neuroleptic medicated and neuroleptic free group on AIMS scores was highly sign

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02911.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—During the years 1959 to 1983 a doubling in the rate of homicide took place in Copenhagen. This increase was exclusively due to an increasing number of male offenders. By comparing with another Danish material, the frequency of female homicide as well as that of homicide combined with suicide was found practically unchanged since 1946, indicating that both of these kinds of homicides seem to have a background different from those of other offences of fatal violence. During the years 1959 to 1983, the criteria of selection of the defendants for a psychiatric examination for the court were fairly consistent. Examinations were performed in practically all cases, where a charge of murder raised by the police was followed by a legal trial for homicide. Less and less of the defandants, however, were hospitalized for the examination, while more were examined in The Clinic of Forensic Psychiatry in Copenhage

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02912.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in 70 Nigerian schizophrenics was 37%. Age was related to the presence of TD in males but not in females. Significantly more females had TD in the lower extremeties. Comparison of patients with TD and those without revealed no significant differences with regard to the presence of neurological “soft”

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02913.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—This paper reports studies of patients with the following disorders: peptic ulcer, hypertension, bronchial asthma, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcerative colitis (UC), urticaria, psoriasis and alopecia. The investigations focused on dysthymic states, measured by Foulds’ Scale of Anxiety and Depression (SAD) and – except for the first three disorders – the Present State Examination (PSE). On the SAD, all the above groups scored significantly higher than somatically ill controls in anxiety, and all except ulcer patients scored significantly higher in depression. The PSE designated more than half of these patients as cases, except in the psoriasis group. Most patients were assigned to the PSE syndromes of anxiety states or neurotic depression, with the former being more common in UC and urticaria, and the latter more common in IBS, alopecia and rheumatoid arthritis. The variation within skin diseases and within gastrointestinal diseases suggests that neurotic symptoms are typical of each disease rather than of the system involved in the dist

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02914.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Plasma concentrations of ACTH and prolactin were measured in psychiatric inpatients at 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. before and after the standard 1 mg overnight Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST). Plasma concentrations of cortisol were measured at 8 a.m. and 4 p.m., and 11 p.m. before and after 1 mg dexamethasone. Dexamethasone suppressed plasma concentrations of ACTH, prolactin and cortisol in the subject group as a whole. “Cut Points” obtained using Fisher's Exact Test identified plasma ACTH values at 8 a.m. baseline, 4 p.m. baseline and 8 a.m. post‐dexamethasone and plasma prolactin values at all four times that significantly differentiated patients with bipolar depressive disorder and major depressive disorder from other psychiatric patients. There were no cut points found at any of the six times for plasma levels of cortisol that significantly differentiated between these two diagnostic groups. Of interest in this subject population, basal (pre‐dexamethasone) plasma concentrations were of more diagnostic information than post‐dexamethasone values. These pilot findings suggest that monitoring plasma prolactin and ACTH concentrations before and after dexamethasone might increase the sensitivity and specificity of this laboratory test for

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02915.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY