摘要:

ABSTRACT:This article reviews the 1980's literature on gender differences in schizophrenia outcome. Neuroleptic response, long‐term course, and housing, appear to be superior in women. Mortality ratios are advantageous to schizophrenic men. After menopause, women may require higher neuroleptic doses than men and are more at risk for severe tardive dyskinesia. The antidopaminergic effects of estrogens appear to be responsible for some of the outcome difference

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02732.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Libya and Malta are Mediterranean neighbours, but have very different cultures and histories. Compared with 97 Libyan schizophrenics who exhibited poor symptomatology, 100 Maltese cases were similar to those of other European countries.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02733.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Thirteen patients with endogenous depression, compared to 25 normal controls, had a significantly greater ratio of the urinary excretion of norepinephrine plus its metabolitie normetanephrine to either the sum of the two urinary norepinephrine metabolites 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol plus vanillylmandelic acid or to the sum of urinary norepinephrine and all of its metabolites. As urinary levels of norepinephrine and normetanephrine are derived from an extraneuronal metabolic pathway, while levels of 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol and vanillylmandelic acid are more representative of total norepinephrine metabolism, these results suggest that there is a shift in endogenous depression to extraneuronal metabolic pathways for norepinephrine and its

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02734.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Tardive dystonia is a rare late‐onset side effect of neuroleptics. This paper presents a prevalence study of 351 inpatients conducted in our hospital. Seven patients (2%) were found to suffer from this condition. The majority were found to be young and had received neuroleptics for a variable number of years before the onset of the dystonia. In general, treatment of this condition is disappointin

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02735.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:A group of 69 amphetamine‐addicted women who all abused during part of or the whole pregnancy have been followed since the birth of the index child born in 1976 or 1977. Seventeen of the mothers gave up drug abuse in early pregnancy. Ten of these succeeded to stay off drugs and excessive alcohol, while six relapsed into drug abuse. In addition, three women have been off drugs since delivery and 12 for at least 1–3 years. Twelve of the 25 mothers who were drug‐free at the end of the period had retained the custody of their children, while 11 mothers who were drug‐free at the end of the period had their children placed in foster homes. In contrast to this, 16 drug‐using mothers were still caring for their children. A criminal record and a story of psychiatric in‐patient care was common, especially among the mothers who had lost custody of their children. On the other hand, mothers who had retained custody more often lived with a drug‐free man and had regul

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02736.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) were determined in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by complement‐fixing (CF), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and enhanced virus neutralization test (EVNT), in acute unmedicated schizophrenic patients and neurological controls. An elevated level of CF antibody was observed in three serum specimens from the schizophrenic patients and in one control specimen. No CF antibody was present in the CSF samples of the two patient groups tested. By EIA none of the serum or CSF specimens was positive for IgM antibody to CMV. By EVNT, 17% of the schizophrenic patients exhibited a CSF/serum ratio>2 SD, whereas the corresponding figure for the control group was 4% (P>0.05). The role of CMV in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia is discussed in the light of the present and previous negative finding

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02737.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The first‐admission diagnoses of schizophrenia in males aged 15 years and over for the 15‐year interval 1970–84, based on annual reports from the Danish Psychiatric Register, showed a highly significant decrease from 12.6 to 8.5 per 100,000, amounting to 37% by regression analysis. The decrease is almost entirely caused by the age group 15–24 years, in which the incidence fell from 30.7 to 14.6 per 100,000. During the same period a remarkable increase in the corresponding first‐admission rates of “borderline states” (ICD‐8: 301.83, Danish version) and paranoid and unspecified psychoses (ICD‐8: 297, 298.9, and 299) was observed, particularly for the age groups 15–24 and 25–34 years. Changes in diagnostic habits accounting for the decreasing schizophrenia incidence amon

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02738.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:In one of the hypotheses on the causes of schizophrenia it is proposed that viruses may play a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of at least some forms of schizophrenia. In our study, 30 healthy adults and 30 schizophrenic patients were investigated for humoral and cellular immunity against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). A whole blood test system with several advantages over commonly used procedures was used to study cell‐mediated immunity to CMV and HSV. Our data showed no difference between serum antibody levels or cellular immunity of the schizophrenic patients and control individuals as far as HSV and CMV were tested. Serum interferon may be indicative for the presence of a yet unidentified virus. Therefore, we tested interferon levels in the serum of patients. No interferon was detected in any of the samples tested. Further, we tested the activity of natural killer (NK) cells in the blood of schizophrenic patients and controls. NK‐activity of the patients' blood cells was not different from that of normal don

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02739.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Fifty‐two depressed patients were selected from out‐patients at the psychiatric department of St. Paul's Hospital in Addis Ababa. A clinical assessment on each patient was carried out using a slightly revised SADD schedule. The findings were very similar to those from previous SADD studies in different cultures. The same “core” of depressive symptomatology could be detected in Ethiopian depressed patients. Most patients presented with somatic complaints. An interesting finding was that more women than men admitted aggressive feelings or acts. Remarkably few “culture‐specific” data were found, which probably is not surprising when using a diagnostic tool with a cultural bias. Suggestions are put forward to explain the difference in frequency of some symptoms in Ethiopian patients compared with patients from ot

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02740.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The topography and possible physiological significance of EEG average amplitude and amplitude variability in time were examined in 10 chronic psychotic patients and several groups of healthy volunteers. In confirmation of previous reports, the patients showed more slow (5.2–7.6 Hz) activity, particularly in frontal areas, and less alpha rhythm variability in posterior areas, compared to matched controls, chiefly during the resting state, while eye opening, and particularly structural sensory input, made the groups more similar. The same two EEG variables showed significant correlations with ratings of psychopathology, in the expected direction. The EEG amplitude variability is increased by unstructured perception, probably as an expression of readiness or search for structures in the input, and shows persistent topographic patterns over time in individuals. It appears to reflect a functional dimension which is different from the one represented by the average amplitude and is one of several spontaneous oscillatory functions which are diminished in chronic psychosis, perhaps as consequence of prefrontal malfunction. The results suggest a diminished guiding function by the anterior cortex, and a diminished readiness for perception of exogenous structured information, in chronic psychosi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02741.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY