摘要:

Key wordsInformation processing models are influenced by the information sciences and by computer technology, which progressed in the 1960s and 1970s. During the last decade these models have formed the theoretical basis for much of the experimental research on cognitive dysfunctions in psychiatric patients. An essential element in all of these models is that information is processed in several discrete stages. Different experimental paradigms have been developed in order to tap information about the processes taking place in each of these stages. Most of the research so far on pathological groups has been done on schizophrenic patients. Some deficits found in schizophrenics seem to be symptom‐related. This is the case with performance deficits on the Continuous Performance Test with low processing load. Other dysfunctions might be vulnerability indicators, such as deficit performance on the forced choice Span of Apprehension task and the Continuous Performance Test with high momentary processing load, backward masking, serial recall for items that involve active rehearsal, and eye movement dysfunctions. However, information processing deficits do not seem to be specifically related to schizophrenia. Deficits can be found in other psychiatric syndromes too, especially in manic patients. Generally speaking, the dysfunctions emerge in a milder form in nonschizophrenic patient

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05455.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to evaluate and develop an inpatient program for adolescents, a follow‐up study was carried out based on interviews with 58 adolescents discharged from the inpatient unit on average 7 years before. The mental status of these patients had been poor on admission. At the time of follow‐up interviews, approximately 30% of patients appeared to have normal, socially varied lives. The results were better for patients whose treatment at the unit had lasted for more than 3 months and had included psychotherapy. Roughly 10% of the patients at the time of follow‐up interviews had severe problems. The prognosis was worst for the patients who needed to be transferred from the adolescent unit to adult psychiatric treatment units because of suicidal and violent behavior. Young patients with severe disturbances need an individualized, multidisciplinary treatment approach, including individual psychotherapy and vocational training. The treatment should continue uninterrupted on an outpatient

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05456.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We asked a sample of 343 adult same‐sex twin pairs a number of questions about the similarity of their social environment during childhood and early adolescence. A factor analysis of their responses indicated that their common environment was derived from two sources, one being similar treatment “imposed” upon them by their parents, the other being “elicited” by the twins’ similar interests and behavior. Monozygotic (MZ) twins reported experiencing more similar “imposed” and “elicited” environments than dizygotic (DZ) twins. The extent of imposed similar treatment received during childhood and early adolescence was unrelated to either MZ or DZ twins’ current behavioral similarity, as indicated by absolute intrapair differences in their Neuroticism, Anxiety, and Depression scores. Similar treatment imposed upon MZ twins on the basis of their zygosity alone is therefore not a threat to the validit

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05457.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A survey on prevalence and treatment of mental disorders and epilepsy in Zanzibar was conducted in 1988 among 10,776 randomly selected people. Prevalence rates of 4.9/1000 for epilepsy and 3.2/1000 for psychotic disorders were found. Traditional treatment was common. This article discusses treatment practices and the distribution of target conditions according to age, sex, marital status, geographical area, literacy status and level of education.;

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05458.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Based on the theory of Henry&Short, it was predicted that suicide rates should be higher and homicide rates lower in countries where the quality of life is better. In 1980, for a sample of 43 countries, this prediction was confirmed for some components of the quality of life (psychological well‐being) but not for other components (political stability, defense and economy, and cultural diversity). However, changes in the quality of life from 1970 to 1980 were not related to changes in suicide or homicide rates

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05459.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined, in health care attenders, the effect of different sociodemographic variables and physical illness on the probability of suffering from mental disorders. In health centres, the prevalence of mental disorders was 19.3% (12.4% for males and 23.8% for females). Logistic modelling was used to investigate the joint effect on psychiatric morbidity of 6 sociodemographic variables and physical illness. It was found that sex, age, and physical illness exerted independent but not interactive effects on the probability of psychiatric morbidity.;

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05460.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Data from the cross‐national study of panic disorder are used for an analysis of response patterns. The main purpose of the study is a search for specific placebo patterns and a discussion of possible differences in patterns from patients treated with alprazolam, imipramine, and placebo. Four outcome measures were registered at baseline and weekly during the treatment period: the number of panic attacks, Physician's Global Evaluation of treatment effect, the Overall Phobia Score and the level on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety. Response patterns from the 3 treatment groups are described and compared, and subsequently categorized with regard to completeness and persistency. No specific placebo pattern is recognized. Some differences are found, however, as many placebo patients demonstrate an early and temporary remission. The variations in response patterns do not compromise the blindness of the study, and their predictive validity is low

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05461.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The course of depression over 1 week in patients admitted to hospital following an attempted suicide was examined utilizing a clinical interview, the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale, the Levine‐Pilowsky Depression (LPD) Questionnaire and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. On all measures the group had depression of moderate to marked severity at the time of attempted suicide. In males there was a statistically and clinically significant reduction in severity of depression over 1 week. This trend was also observed in the younger patients. There was no significant change in the frequency of the LPD category endogenous depression, but examination of changes in DSM‐III diagnostic frequencies revealed a significant reduction in major affective disorder over 1 week. Symptom changes were also examined. Factors that may have contributed to the observed changes in depression are discussed. Therapeutic implications and further research directions are outl

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05462.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Schizophrenics are often labeled treatment‐resistant because the psychological treatment they receive is seldom appropriate for their needs. Specialized psychotherapy for schizophrenia is available but rarely used. Training in these methods is difficult to find. If we are to treat schizophrenia successfully, we must rethink the treatment and training process, modify our views and teach interventions that force the patient to respond to the demands of the therapist. Professionals must learn that change occurs because the therapist is stronger than the psychotic defenses of the patient, i.e., the patient's resistance to treatment

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05463.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A model of liaison psychiatry in general practice is described and its impact assessed using data from the Nottingham psychiatric case register. The model incorporates a comprehensive network of general practice psychiatric clinics for both psychiatrists and other mental health professionals, associated with mainly informal liaison with general practitioners and others in the primary care team, and a reduction in psychiatric outpatient clinics. Following the introduction of this model, the proportion of new and rereferred patients seen in primary care settings rose from 1% to 18% in Nottingham over an 8‐year period. Over this period admission rates significantly fell in Nottingham compared with the rest of England and evidence is given that the growth of primary care psychiatry contributed significantly to this reduction

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05464.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY