摘要:

ABSTRACTThis review comprises an exhaustive analysis of 120 case reports of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) representing the majority of published clinical data on this syndrome. Epidemiological, clinical and biological parameters, as well as those concerning the agent and the treatment of the syndrome, are critically evaluated on the basis of this data. The rate of neuroleptic loading is shown to play a cardinal role in the development of NMS. Rechallenge and aftercare of patients who need anti‐psychotic treatment after NMS are considere

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe validity of DIS‐CM (Chinese modified version of Diagnostic Interview Schedule) was examined by analyzing lifetime prevalence of each age group, age at onset, and recency of illness. The magnitude of the discrepancy between the empirical and the estimated data was adopted as the criterion of the degree of deviation. Manic and depressive episodes were found to be seriously underestimated. Schizophrenic, panic, phobic and antisocial personality disorders were probably underestimated. The observed lifetime prevalence figures with DIS‐CM are rather conservative for these disorders. The prevalence data of a recent 1‐year period are less biased and more reliable. The nature of the disease, recall effect, active or passive psychological resistance, mortality, and uncooperative attitude are considered factors that induce an underestimate of lifetime preva

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T4and T3) were investigated at 10 different time points during a 24 h period in 31 inpatients meeting the RDC criteria for acute major depressive disorder. Twenty‐three of these patients were also reinvestigated in a state of partial or complete remission. The results show that there was no significant difference in T4or T3levels during the 24 h period between depressed patients and 32 healthy controls despite significantly decreased TSH levels and TSH response to TRH administration (Δ TSH) in the patient group. No indications were obtained that the patients’ clinical presentation or depressive symptomatology as revealed by their CPRS scores, psychotropic medication, melatonin levels, or the outcome of the dexamethasone test, significantly influenced the T4or T3levels. The depressed patients who were studied longitudinally showed increased T4levels in the acute phase compared to remission, wheras the T3levels did not change. However, the levels of thyroid hormones were within the normal range in the acute phase as well as in remission. Furthermore, the changes in thyroid hormones between the state of relapse and remission were not significantly correlated to the corresponding increase in TSH levels and Δ TSH between the two assessments. The present results are consistent with the hypothesis that the mechanism behind the impaired TSH response to TRH in acute major depressive disorder is a downregulation of the pituitary TRH rece

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn this study 297 institutionalized patients with primary degenerative dementia were investigated. Age at onset of dementia was determined and individual longevity quotients (i.e. actual duration of survival divided by expected survival) were calculated. Expected survival was derived from the Dutch life tables for the general population. Age at onset of dementia was 75.6 ± 7.8 years (mean ± SD). Duration of dementia until death was 7.2 ± 4.1 years. Dementia of early onset (before age 76) was associated with a significantly reduced life expectancy (LQ = 0.70 ± 0.30), but this was not found for onset after age 75 (LQ = 0.91 ± 0.58). Duration of symptoms at the time of admission into a nursing home was not associated with severity of behavioural and cognitive impairments as measured with behaviour rating scales. However, the severity of behavioural impairments predicted 1‐year survival after admission, as could be shown by multivariate analysis which corrected for the effects of age a

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe neuropeptides desenkephalin‐γ‐endorphin (DEγE) and ceruletide were administered intramuscularly to patients with schizophrenic psychoses following a double‐blind placebo‐controlled design, including a total of 44 subjects. Neuroleptic medication was continued during the experimental period, which was started with one placebo injection for all patients. One week later subjects received a single intramuscular injection with 3 mg DEγE, 40 ug ceruletide or placebo. After an interval of 10 days, the patients received six similar injections over a period of 2 weeks. Treatment with either peptides resulted in a decrease of psychotic symptomatology as compared to placebo treatment. The beneficial effect of the peptides lasted at least 2 weeks after the experimental treatment period. Of the 14 patients treated with placebo only, three showed a slight response. Of the 30 patients treated with the neuropeptides, eight did not respond (DEγE: 3; ceruletide: 5), eight had a slight response (DEγE: 6; ceruletide: 2) and 14 responded moderately or markedly (DEγE: 6; ceruletide: 8). No obvious difference between the effects of the two neuropeptides was found, besides a somewhat earlier onset of the effect of ceruletide. Patients presenting relatively less negative psychotic symptoms were particularly susceptible to treatment with either peptide. Apart from slight and shortlasting gastrointestinal complaints after the first injections with ceruletide in some patients, no side effects

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn examination of the Brown‐Harris etiological model of depressive disorder was accomplished by analyzing data from a community study of 800 middle‐aged urban Swedish women. The sample included 53 onset cases of major depressive episode (DMS‐1II) in a 1–year period. In the analysis, interaction was defined according to the additive model employed by Brown&Harris. Occurrence of provoking agents was not significantly related to onset of depressive episode. None of the four vulnerability factors of the model showed significant interaction with provoking agents as expected from the model. One of them, lack of intimacy, increased significantly the risk of major depression in its own right, i.e. in the absence of provoking agent. Possible explanations for the major discrepancies of results between the original Camberwell study and the present one are briefly di

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02699.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwenty‐five patients with major depressive disorder (MOD) according to RDC were examined with computerized EEG before antidepressive treatment was initiated. Relationships between EEG parameters and clinical characteristics were studied. Age and pharmacological treatment were taken into account. Primary MDD was associated with an increase of delta amplitude. Retarded MDD was associated with an increase of delta and theta amplitudes and EEG variability. Recurrent unipolar MDD was related to a decrease of total alpha symmetry. Thus, subdiagnoses according to RDC were validated. The anxiety subsyndrome and to some extent vital symptoms, depressed mood, and CPRS total sum, were associated with asymmetry of the EEG pattern, whereas retardation was not. The number of former depressive episodes was positively correlated to amplitude of beta activity and negatively correlated to symmetry of EEG in the delta frequency ban

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTUsing both the English version and an Igbo translation of Zung's Self‐rating Depression Scale (SDS), 132 first‐time attenders to a hospital‐based general outpatient clinic were screened for presence of depressive symptoms. The mean SDS index obtained for the whole sample fell within the normal range. However, a prevalence rate of 25% for depressive symptoms was obtained. 14% scored within the range for “mild depression”, while 11 % obtained scores within the range for “moderate depression”. Only three patients were referred to the psychiatric outpatient clinic of the same hospital. The need for general physicians to be able to recognise the presence and significance of psychological symptoms in their patients

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn the present study current social class, parental social class and social mobility have been compared in a series of 111 depressed patients of different diagnostic subgroups and of 97 non‐psychiatric controls. Social class III was shown to be overrepresented in the unipolar, bipolar and unspecified groups. However, no differences concerning parental social class emerged. Unipolar and bipolar patients were more downwardly mobile than the neurotic depressives, the unspecified depressives and the control

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe prevalence and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) were studied in a survey using a random selection of fertile women (n= 1,852). The prevalence of PMS was 72.8%. 7.5% of the women with PMS felt they needed to see a physician. The survey responses from this latter group were compared with the answers from the remaining women with PMS. The symptoms differ significantly in many respects between the groups. Women who want to see a physician report, to a greater extent, symptoms during the premenstrual period which are seen in depressive states. Oral contraceptives do not seem to affect premenstrual symptoms in this group. The results suggest that severe premenstrual symptoms of predominantly depressive nature are probably a manifestation of an underlying depressive disorder.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY