摘要:

The care of mentally ill people at home is being encouraged nowadays. As a result, the family members feel an increased burden of care and find it difficult to cope with the care of a schizophrenic patient at home. We interviewed the relatives of 62 schizophrenics systematically regarding the behaviour of the patients that was perceived to be distressful. This was done using the Scale for Assessment of Family Distress. It was noted that behaviours related to activity and self‐care were perceived to be most distressful, and not aggressive or psychotic behaviour. Distress was more often reported by younger relatives and those with more education. The findings have implications in planning appropriate family intervention method

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a sample of 570 15‐ and 16‐year‐old normal high school students, the characteristics of those with and without a history of suicidal behavior were compared. In a written inquiry, information was obtained on family background, emotional and behavioral problems, sexual and physical abuse and suicidal thoughts and behavior. Differences between the students with and without a history of suicidal behavior were statistically analyzed for boys and girls separately by a matched control design. The results for both boys and girls indicated that the experience of sexual abuse, feelings of loneliness, depressed mood, low self‐esteem and the use of drugs were particularly strongly related to suicidal thoughts and behavior; for girls, physical abuse and for boys, low self‐reported academic achievement appeared to be clearly related aspects. Furthermore, the strong interrelations between all of these variables is underlined, suggesting a multi‐problem background of youngsters with a history of suicid

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From 1970 to 1989, 915 people were admitted for the first time to psychiatric institutions in Denmark and had as their main diagnosis an eating disorder, ICD‐8 306.50‐59. The incidence of these admissions increased from 0.42/100,000 population in 1970 to a maximum of 1.36/100,000 in 1988. During the time of our investigation, the number of discharges of patients with an eating disorder as the main diagnosis was constant from somatic hospitals, whereas discharges from psychiatric institutions increa

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03251.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Is deviant parental communication an interactional phenomenon? If it is, is this interaction stronger or weaker among parents of schizophrenics (S) than among parents of non‐schizophrenic psychiatric controls (NS) and normals (N)? These two questions were investigated by using sequential analysis of parental interaction during Spouse Rorschach. Parents’ deviant communication was measured by the self‐disqualification (SD) category in the Relationship Control Coding System. Results showed that self‐disqualification clearly depended on the quality of the previous parental communication: an SD utterance greatly increased the probability of an SD response from the spouse among S (n= 17), NS (n= 15) and N (n= 14). However, this increased probability was significantly higher among S parents. Furthermore, S parents’ communication was significantly less dependent on their own previous communication than NS and N parents’ communication was. However, the sheer magnitude of parental SD communication was a significant predictor of offspring diagnosis even when the interaction between the spouses was controlled for. Thus, the results indicate that the high rate of deviant communication among S parents is partly due to individual characteristics of the parents and partly due to reciprocation of the other spouse's deviant communication. The results are discussed with reference to possible gene‐environment interaction in both schizophrenia and deviant

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03252.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Vigilance is a concept associated with the early levels of information processing. Vigilance deficits have repeatedly been found in schizophrenic patients. It has not been clear, however, whether such cognitive dysfunctions are specific to schizophrenics or not. In this study, 28 schizophrenics were compared with 19 affectively disturbed patients and 17 normals on a vigilance test that is a hybridization of a Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and a Span of Apprehension Test (SAT). The results showed that schizophrenics performed significantly below the normals only on target hits on the CPT. There were no differences between the two patient groups, either on number of correct hits or on commission errors. On the SAT measures, normals performed better than the two psychiatric groups on all measures. Schizophrenics had more commission errors than the affectives, but there were no differences between the two groups with respect to target hits. Neither CPT nor SAT deficit, thus, seem to be specific schizophrenic characteristics.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03253.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1982‐1983 a random sample of 1486 people aged 65 years and above was generated from general practitioner lists; 1070 were interviewed in the community using the Geriatric Mental State and a Social History questionnaire. The cohort was followed up by interview 3 years later. At year 3 the diagnostic computer program AGECAT diagnosed 44 incident cases of depression. Information from the depressed group's initial and further interviews was compared with a control group (which excluded cases of affective or organic mental illness). Univariate analysis yielded three factors that were significantly associated with the development of depression 3 years later: a lack of satisfaction with life; feelings of loneliness; and smoking. Multivariate analysis confirmed their independent effects and revealed 2 further factors attaining significance: female gender and a trigger factor, bereavement of a close figure within 6 months of the third‐year diagnosis. Some other factors traditionally associated with depression, such as poor housing, marital status and living alone, failed to attain significance as risk fact

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03254.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Clinical research centers in Aarhus, Berlin, Hamilton and Vienna collected mortality data for 827 manic‐depressive and schizoaffective patients given lithium treatment for more than 6 months. The average duration of the treatment was 81 months and the total time on lithium 5600 patient‐years. For each patient, the mortality risk was calculated by entering the appropriate national life tables for the general population. The number of observed deaths was 44; the number of expected deaths was 49.7. The standardized mortality ratio, 0.89, did not differ significantly from 1.0. The mortality of manic‐depressive patients is 2–3 times that of the general population. Our data show that the mortality of manic‐depressive and schizoaffective patients given long‐term lithium treatment does not differ significantly from that of the general

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03255.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During a study of mental disorder in a primary care clinic in Nigeria, 214 patients, selected on the basis of their scores on the General Health Questionnaire, were interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a structured clinical interview that allows for a systematic assessment of somatization symptoms. Only 1.1% of this clinical sample fulfilled the DSM‐III‐R criteria for somatization disorder, but 4.7% and 10.8% met the criteria for somatoform pain disorder and undifferentiated somatoform disorder, respectively. Age, gender and the presence of a DSM‐III‐R diagnosis of depression or dysthymia accounted for significant variability in the number of reported somatization symptoms. On factor analysis, a factor with close similarity to DSM‐III‐R somatization disorder was obtained. This factor is associated with the demographic features commonly found among patients with DSM‐III‐R somati

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03256.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has been suggested in empirical studies that an attempted suicide has a cathartic effect. However, only one study used a control group of depressives who had not attempted suicide. A replication of these results using more strictly defined patient groups and a more comprehensive assessment of the psychopathology during index treatment was not possible. Major depressives with and without suicide attempts before index admission displayed similar courses of their depressive symptoms and somatic complaints during index treatment. The cathartic effect of a suicide attempt may be restricted to a severe major depression or to a violent suicide attempt.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to analyse the trends in suicide rates among conscripts in Finland and to compare them with suicide rates in men of the same age in the general population. The suicide rates among conscripts slightly increased from the mid‐1960s until the mid‐1970s, but this rise was less marked than among young men in the population as a whole. In the 1970s and 1980s, the suicide mortality among conscripts was half of that among civilian men of the same age in the population. The implications for suicide prevention are discus

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY