摘要:

An intensive 1‐year study was carried out on 41 male patients, mean age 49, mean hospitalization time 49 days, admitted to a special ward of the Beckomberga Hospital with the diagnosis of delirium tremens and 50 concomitant somatic and psychiatric diagnoses (1–9 per capita), and given a standardized treatment. The mean duration of delirium tremens after admission was 2 days; 76 % recovered within 48 h. The duration after admission was positively correlated to age, number of previous delirium tremens, negatively correlated to B‐haemoglobin and B‐haematocrit for laboratory data obtained within the first 24 h and was positively correlated to blood sugar and S‐creatinine on data taken within 40 h (Pearson correlation matrix).Stepwise multiple regression (SWR) based on 46 quantitative and dummy variables (the latter used to represent the presence of various concomitant diseases) was employed to identify the factors predicting the duration of delirium tremens. On final SWR analysis, which limited the number of observations to cases with complete observation vectors, the following regression equation was obtained: Duration after admission = 3.47–0.93 (S‐magnesium)‐0.29 (B‐eosinophils) + 0.62 (liver disease),P>0.05,n= 14. Although the regression coefficients were not statistically significant, S‐magnesium, negatively associated with the duration after admission, offered 20 % out of the total 38 % of explanation given, whereas B‐eosinophils, negatively associated, offered 12 %, and liver disease, positively associated, 6 %.The choice by the SWR program of S‐magnesium as the most important factor in predicting the duration of delirium tremens is consistent with clinical evidence that alcohol ingestion causes magnesium diuresis and that magnesium deficiency is present in chronic alcoholism. In view of this knowledge, it is reasonable to assume that the lack of statistical significance is due to the small sample size rather than to the alternative that no explanation is offered by S‐magnesium. Furthermore, B‐haemoglobin, S‐potassium, S‐ASAT, and S‐ALAT, known to be characteristically altered in delirium tremens, were found on forcing (a variant of SWR) to be of secondary importance to S‐magnesium as explaining factors, whereas blood sugar and S‐creatinine derived part of their explaining power from S‐magnesium.In conclusion, extensive use of SWR analysis based on 46 potential explaining variables points to serum magnesium concentration as the most important factor in pred

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00616.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The children of 1,263 women whose applications for legal abortion in 1960 had been refused, were compared with the next children born in the same delivery wards. Thus paired, matched controls were obtained and the children were compared with regard to height and weight in relation to gestational age, prematurity, perinatal mortality and mortality up to 12 years of age.There was a significantly lower number of stillbirths in the proband series, which is probably due to an increased number of abortions of less viable fetus. There were no differences in weight and height development, prematurity or neonatal and subsequent mortality.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00617.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of the study was to investigate whether emotional stress in a pregnant woman might have an adverse effect in the form of malformations on fetal development. The children of 1,263 women whose applications for legal abortion in 1960 had been refused were compared with the next children born in the same delivery wards and paired matched controls were thereby obtained.Results.1) The incidence of malformations according to the criteria established by the Swedish Register of Malformations was 1.8 % in the proband series as against 1.1 % in the control series. 2) The incidence of malformation increased with higher age and lower social class in the proband series, whereas no such connection was found in the control series. 3) The incidence of malformations for children of abortion applicants 25 years of age and above from social class III was 3 % in the proband series as against 0.6 % in the control series (P= 0.017). 4) One malformation, cleft palate, occurred at a significantly (P<0.01) higher incidence than in the country as a whole, four cases against the expected value of 0.69. 5) Etiological analysis showed that three of the cases were chromosomal aberrations, all of them Down's syndrome, in two cases there was a genetic background and two cases were thalidomide‐induced phocomelia. In three proband children there may have been a connection with the abuse of alcohol by the mother. 6) When the chromosomal, genetic and thalidomide cases are excluded, the preponderance of malformations in the proband children of mothers 25 years of age and above belonging to social class III still remains (2.2 % vs. 0.3 %,P= 0.017).Conclusion.The results may be seen as support for the hypothesis that emotional stress in a pregnant woman, operationally defined by the factor unwanted pregnancy, may interfere with fetal development and result in a higher incidence of malformations.The interference may occur directly via psycho‐endocrinal or autonomous mechanisms or indirectly by the way in which the woman might act in this situation of stress, e.g. attempts to provoke abortion, neglect of proper food intake, excessive smoking, or the abuse of alcohol or dr

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00618.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study comprises a retrospective evaluation of case records of 220 patients admitted for the first time with psychogenic psychosis with special reference to clinical course and prognosis within a period of 13–14 years.The reliability of the diagnosis at the time of the first admission is about 60% when the evaluation is based on positive criteria for psychosis. If the psychogenic psychoses are divided into subgroups, the reliability of the diagnosis of psychogenic affective psychoses is about 30%, whereas it is over 90% for psychogenic confusional psychoses and psychogenic paranoid psychoses. If subsequent cases of other functional psychoses (manic‐depressive psychosis and schizophrenia) are subtracted, the diagnostic reliability is 50% (111 of 220 cases), which represents the number of retrospectively verified psychogenic psychoses.The frequency of recurrence of psychogenic psychosis was 18% (40), corresponding to 36% of psychogenic psychoses verified by retrospective evaluation (111 of 220 cases). The recurrences were mainly homologous, as heterologous recurrences developed only among the psychogenic affective psychoses (slightly less than half of the recurrences in question).Schizophrenia developed in only 10% (23), and subsequent episodes of manic‐depressive psychosis occurred in 8% (18).The stability of psychogenic psychosis on recurrence of functional psychosis was 49% expressed in relation to all subsequent cases of functional psychosis.The over‐all prognosis for the psychogenic/reactive psychosis is thus good as regards subsequent mental disease. Chronic functional psychosis (schizophrenia) developed in only 10% (and in less than 20% if the prognosis is assessed on the basis of the reliability of the diagnosis at the time of the first admission (about 60%)). However, in the group of psychogenic/reactive psychoses as a whole an overmortality of 100% was observed in the course of the 14 years, highest in the younger age

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00619.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Renal function was examined in 101 patients maintained on sustained‐release lithium carbonate for periods ranging from 1 to 12.5 years. A control group of patients with affective disorders who had never been given lithium was also investigated as well as a control group of normal subjects of comparable age and sex.Creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, maximum urine osmolality after DDAVP administration, urine and plasma β2‐micro‐globulin and the urinary excretion ofN‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase were not significantly different between patients on lithium and depressed patients never on lithium. Side effects that have been related to lithium therapy were not correlated with duration of lithium therapy.It is concluded that there was little evidence of a serious renal functional impairment attributable to li

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00620.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty‐eight hospitalized chronic psychotic patients were injected (i.m.) every 4 weeks with haloperidol decanoate using different dosage schedules which were calculated from the previously prescribed daily oral dose of haloperidol multiplied by a factor of 30, 20 or 10.The 20‐fold schedule appeared to be adequate in most of the patients. All patients were well stabilized on their optimal dose schedule and several symptoms improved even further during treatment.No increase of extrapyramidal or other side‐effects was reported in any of the patients. Antiparkinson medication could be omitted in 37 patients without problems. There was neither pain nor irritation at the site of injection.Plasma levels of haloperidol reaching a steady state after the second injection of haloperidol decanoate were about two times higher than during the previous oral treatment with haloperidol. No accumulation was observed.Haloperidol decanoate injected every 4 weeks proved to be as safe and therapeutically reliable as orally administered halope

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00621.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Four cases of hypnagogic or hypnopompic visual hallucinations in patients during amitriptyline treatment are reported. The hallucinations were clearly delineated, projected to the outer objective space and were for a short time experienced as real. The patients rapidly realized the unreality of the “sights”, probably because they regained the full criticism and coherent thinking of an un‐psychotic awake individual. There may be a relation between the effects of amitriptyline in brain, the changed pattern of sleep and the clinical recovery. Patients should be informed about the benign character of this type of hallucinatory phenomena so that treatment is not terminated at an undue

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00622.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pregnancy, delivery and post partum conditions were coded from Helsinki Well Mother‐Baby Clinics and lying in hospitals for all deliveries to a birth cohort of Helsinki schizophrenic women. Greater difficulty was observed at all perinatal stages for the chronic and mild schizophrenic groups than for controls. These differences were heightened in the case of winter birth

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00623.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The AMDP‐System is a documentation System for psychiatric data widely in use in the German‐speaking countries. A summary of results of a multicentred study of interrater agreement of the Psychopathology Scale is presented. A new index of rater agreement was tested and the notion is discussed that the judgement of the presence and the absence of a symptom are two different processes with different reliabil

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A subsample of 151 subjects from the population study “70‐year‐olds in Gothenburg” were given a questionnaire for life event ratings to be returned by mail. The 24 life events to be rated were events that are fairly common in advanced age. The subjects were instructed to record how an event would affect thempersonally.The ratings of subjects who had lost a parent by death before they were 16 were compared with those of subjects who had grown up together with both parents until they were 16. Bereaved men had lost their parent at 6.9 years of age and bereaved women at 9.9 years on average. Bereaved men attributed significantly less weight to five of the events and there were tendencies in the same direction for another three events. Bereaved women, on the other hand, attributed similar weights to the events as non‐bereaved women. As possible explanations for the relation between bereavement and life event ratings, it is suggested that early bereavement might (a) cause a change in personality, with avoidance of involvement, (b) lead to a strong development of the defence mechanism denial, or (c) result in a very high standard of c

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY