摘要:

Abstract—Recent reports from four longitudinal studies indicate that the epidemiology of depression and anxiety in general populations may have changed over the third quarter of this century. In each of two studies in the United States, one in Canada, and one in Sweden, more women than men at mid‐century were found to have experienced depression and/or anxiety. By the end of the quarter, women and men in a few to several age groups were more equal in this regard than they had been earlier. In each study, interpretation was offered to the effect that social and historical changes may have contributed to these epidemiologic trends. The four studies are reviewed, and it is suggested that the findings deserve attention as generating hypotheses for further resea

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—The socio‐demographic characteristics of 142 depressive patients seen for the first time at the Psychiatric Hospital, Enugu, were studied. Females (55%) outnumbered males (45%). While depressive neurosis occurred more commonly in those under 30 years of age, manic‐depressive psychosis (MDP) depression was commoner among those over 30. Married status was commoner among female MDP depressives, but there was no significant difference regarding marital status among those with depressive neurosis. MDP depression occurred more often among rural dwellers while depressive neurosis was diagnosed more often among urban dwellers. Although the majority of patients had a low level of education, there were a significant number of students and housewives among those with depressive neurosis. The probable socio‐cultural factors responsible for the observed differences are discussed. A suggestion is made for a central control and monitoring of all available alternative forms of treatment (orthodox, novel, traditional and spiritual) for a better mental health d

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Seventy‐five outpatients with major depressive disorder (RDC) were randomly referred to treatment with a dominant 5‐HT reuptake blocker (zimeldine, 100 mg b.i.d.) or a dominant NA reuptake blocker (maprotiline 75 mg b.i.d.). Pretreatment biochemical, pharmacodynarnic and pharrnacokinetic variables were studied and related to the treatment outcome with the two drugs. Female responders to the dominant 5‐HT reuptake blocker were characterized by low pretreatment accumulation of14C‐5‐HT in rat synaptosomes, when incubated in patient plasma. Among zimeldine responders there was a relationship between antidepressive effect and steady‐state concentrations of zimeldine and norzimeldine. These findings support the hypothesis of a subgroup of depression characterized by serotoni

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—The psychopathological pattern of depression was assessed by means of the Puzynski Inventory Scale for Depression (ISD) in 79 patients with bipolar affective disorders, 45 with unipolar and 42 with undifferentiated type of affective disorders. Four groups of patients showing different psychopathological patterns were distinguished. In Group 1 the pattern was most similar to that of simple depression, in Group2to delusional depression, in Group 3 to retarded depression, and in Group 4 to anxiety depression. In the first three groups there was a preponderance of patients with bipolar affective disorder, while in Group 4 unipolar depression was diagnosed in more than hal

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—A retrospective study of 270 psychiatric outpatients at King Faisal Specialist Hospital was conducted to determine psychosocial stresses that contribute to a patient's illness in an Arab culture. These stresses were identified subjectively by the patient as causes of his or her illness; they were then categorized as mental, family, work, economic, grief, physical illness, or other. The categories were correlated with other factorswch as age, occupation, sex, and diagnosis. Of 270 patients, 142 (52.6%) reported that stressful life events contributed to their illness, a ratio comparable to that in other countries. However, the ratio of females to males reporting stresses was higher than that found in the West. Other findings included a relative absence of work‐related or age‐related stress and a greater association between anxiety or dysthymic disorders and stress than between psychotic disorders and stress. Although no confirmed reliable method exists to measure the impact of life events on psychiatric disorders, our findings lend credence to the theory that life events play a major role in neuroses, a formative role in mixed depressive illness, and a precipitating role in schizophrenic epi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Based on recent computed tomography (CT) studies that have suggested the presence of distinct structural abnormalities in the brains of chronic schizophrenics, the authors evaluated 23 chronic schizophrenics and 23 controls by CT, using linear and area lateral ventricular measures, sulcal and Sylvian fissure widths and cerebral density measures. Technical problems inherent in CT studies and their impact on the use of data generated by such studies are discussed. Although there were few differences between groups, there emerged a distinct subgroup of schizophrenic patients with mild lateral ventricle enlargement associated with increased cortical density. The possible etiopathology for this atypical combination is discussed, including the striking parallels with a recent neuropathological study's finding

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10581.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—There are numerous reports of lateral cerebral ventricle enlargement on computed tomography (CT) in schizophrenics, but the significance and its relationship to traditional notions of organicity remain unclear. Therefore we studied a subgroup of chronic schizophrenics who had lateral ventriculomegaly (and also cortical hyperden‐sity) on a battery of relevant biological, neuro‐psychological, and clinical parameters such as electroencephalogram (EEG), platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and serum dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase (DBH) activity, the Halstead Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (HRB), premorbid personality adjustment, drug response, positive and negative symptoms, employment history, and family history. Our findings support the notion that there is an “organic” subgroup of schizophrenia that has 1) CT structural abnormalities such as lateral ventricle enlargement and cortical hyperdensity; and cerebral dysfunction or deficits as evidenced by 2) an increased incidence of abnormal EEGs and also 3) greater impairment on neuropsychological tests. The biochemical measures, platelet MAO and serum DBH activity, nor any of the clinical measures could differentiate between the subgroups. The implications of these findings for the subtyping of schizophrenia

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10582.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—All first admitted in 1972 to Danish psychiatric institutions diagnosed schizophrenics at least once until September 1983 (310 males and 277 females) are followed up. The incidence of schizophrenics diagnosed at their first admission is 7.8 males and 3.4 females/100,000 inhabitants and when those diagnosed as schizophrenics only at a later admission are included the incidence is correspondingly 15.0 and 8.7. The number of in‐patient days is highest in the first year and stabilizes at a lower level in the last 7 to 8 years of the follow‐up. The patients spent proportionately more days in mental hospitals than in psychiatric departments in general hospitals. Hebephrenic schizophrenics predominate in mental hospitals. Schizophrenics diagnosed during their first admission spent 19.5% of the 10‐year follow‐up period in institutions, while schizophrenics diagnosed during a later admission spent 17.4% (NS). Males spent 19.7% of the 10‐year follow‐up period in institutions, females 1

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10583.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Thirty‐two patients in remission were followed by regular ratings during a prospective neuroleptic withdrawal study. They were outpatients who fulfilled the DSM‐III criteria of schizophrenia and who were motivated for drug withdrawal. The relapse rate was 81 %. The results from the rating scales confirm the hypothesis that a symptom increase occurs before psychotic relapse. In the order statistical differences occurred, the factors predicting relapse were those concerned with positive psychopathology, motor dysfunction, impaired affects and sleep disturbances. The corresponding symptoms and signs were mainly concerned with thought disorders, paranoid ideation, overactivity, depression and insomnia middle, all of nonpsychotic degree of severity. If prodromes appear, the patient should resume his neuroleptic treatment, or other preventive measures should be taken. By such therapeutic interactions, psychotic relapse may be prevented, or can be dealt with in an outpatient se

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10584.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—High‐affinity‐specific IH‐spiperone binding to platelet membranes was carried out in 30 schizophrenic patients, without prior antipsychotic medication, fulfilling the Research Diagnostic Criteria, and in 30 matched control subjects. The psychosis was rated on the Modified Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Compared with healthy subjects, schizophrenic patients had significantly higher3H‐spiperone binding due to a lower dissociation constant (38%), i.e. increased affinity. NO significant difference was observed in the maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) between the two groups. It is our contention that IH‐spiperone binding to platelets may be a biological marker for sc

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10585.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY