摘要:

ABSTRACTIdentical principal components factor analyses of total Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores were conducted for two separate sub‐samples (N = 183 and N = 182) drawn from the same clinic population of moderately depressed outpatients. A comparison of the two factor analyses revealed substantial agreement for four factors across the two sub‐samples (i.e., four factors from the first sub‐sample correlated at least 0.80 with a homologous dimension in the second sub‐sample). The four factors were labelled Somatic Complaints, Anorexia, Sleep Disturbance, and Agitation/Retardation. Some additional factors emerged in the analysis of one sub‐sample but failed to appear in the other. Overall, these results suggest that the HRS exhibited a relatively stable factorial structure based on a large sample of outpatients with unipolar depressive disorders. Methodological problems with earlier research are discussed in light of the current

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn the analysis of post‐mortem brains of 14 chronic schizophrenic patients and 10 controls, biochemical evidence of a hyperdopaminergic state was found in the basal ganglia of schizophrenics; tyrosine hydroxylase activity was increased with a concomitant increase of homovanillic acid. Unusually high tyrosine hydroxylase activity was noted in 2 schizophrenic cases. The Bmaxvalue of3H‐spiperone binding for schizophrenics was higher than the controls. We also found increased specific binding of3H‐kainic acid to the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenics. A negative correlation existed between3H‐kainic acid binding in the medial frontal cortex, and glutamic acid content in various brain areas. Increased immunoreactivity of substance P was found in more than ten brain areas. Methionineenkephalin was also increased in three areas of the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics. These results suggest that the hyperdopaminergic state co‐existed with glutamatergic hypofunction and increased neuropeptides in various brain areas of chronic schizophrenic

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe baseline LH, FSH and testosterone levels and the LH and FSH response to TRH‐LHRH administration (ΔLH, ΔFSH) were investigated in 28 patients meeting the RDC criteria for an acute major depressive disorder, and in 20 healthy persons. Twenty‐two patients were also reinvestigated in a state of complete or partial clinical remission. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal comparisons were made between the groups divided according to sex and menopausal status. After mathematical correction for age differences, the depressed males with an abnormal DST response showed significantly (P<0.03) higher ΔFSH in the acute state compared to the controls. No relation could be established between the HPG axis hormone levels and the nocturnal serum melatonin levels or the PRL or TSH response to TRH‐LHRH administration. In the longitudinal part of the study, the depressed males with an abnormal DST response showed decreased (P<0.03) testosterone levels and increased ΔFSH (n.s.) in the acute state compared to remission, in contrast to the males with a normal DST. The present results do not support a hypothesis regarding a stimulus‐induced down‐regulation of the pituitary LHRH receptors in our patients. The possible mechanisms by which HPA axis activation (as revealed by an abnormal DST response) could influence the HPG axis in depressed patients remain t

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe greater incidence of suicide among males could be ascribed to the distinct roles still attributed to each sex. Progress towards female independence could reduce this different incidence. We analysed the following in Portugal: male and female suicide rates; profiles; and male/female suicide ratio before (1955–1969) and after the development of a movement for women's independence (1970–85). Concomitant with progress towards female independence there is a significant rise in female suicide and a decrease in male/female suicide ratio. The highest rates are among professional/technical women living in urban areas. In professional groups there is significant correlation between deaths caused by suicide and by liver cirrhosis. It is concluded that alcoholism often leads to suicide; in women, taboos about alcoholism and suicide explain a higher incidence of suicide among culturally freer professional groups; female independence will catalyse a rise in alcoholism, which together with other factors resulting from that independence will lead to a predictable increase of suicide among Portuguese women and a reduced difference in rates of suicide between the se

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT3H‐imipramine binding to platelet membranes, Bmaxand KD, was measured in depressed patients, who were divided into endogenous and non‐endogenous depression according to three different criteria, the ICD‐9, the Newcastle I and the Newcastle II rating scales. Two groups served as controls, a group of healthy volunteers and a group of psychiatric patients suffering from schizophrenia or senile dementia. No significant differences were found in either Bmaxor in KDamong the different groups of patients and the control g

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe aim of this investigation was to study the detailed profile and persistence of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)‐induced EEG correlates. Subjects were submitted to a detailed clinical evaluation as well as automated, computerized EEG recordings. Analysis was performed of different frequency bands, mean frequency and total power as well as a detailed study of cortical auditory‐evoked responses. Age and sex‐matched control subjects comprised a group of comparable patients, none of whom had received ECT, a second control group of healthy volunteers and a third group of amitriptyline‐treated patients. No statistically significant EEG changes were found among patients who had been treated with ECT from several months to several years prior to the investigation. During ECT, highly significant cumulative effects were observed in most of the EEG measures, particularly increased slow‐wave activity and a corresponding reduction in fast‐wave activity. Predictably, significant changes also occurred in mean EEG frequency and total power. No significant changes were observed in the cortical‐evoked responses. EEG abnormalities were still significant one week following the completion of a course of ECT, but reverted to baseline levels with

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWe report inappropriate antidiuresis as manifested by abnormal diurnal weight gain among 29 male and female chronically psychotic patients compared to a control population. Abnormal diurnal weight gain may be a new metabolic marker for chronically psychotic patients.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06317.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe frequency and characteristics of aggressive and hostile behavior in 40 psychogeriatric inpatients was investigated using the Staff Observation Aggression Scale (SOAS). Most aggressive acts were directed towards nursing staff when providing help with activities of daily living. A positive correlation was found between age and the frequency of aggressive behavior, while severity was most strongly correlated to length of admission. A significant decrease in frequency was observed during the six weeks of observation. The causes of this decrease are discussed together with the implications for future studies on the treatment of aggressive behavior in this group of patients.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06318.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe association between influenza and psychiatric disorder in adolescents was studied at a time when both were highly prevalent concurrently. First 505 secondary school pupils aged 15–18 completed questionnaires, including a symptom inventory derived from the SCL‐90‐R. Subsequently, 113 blood samples were examined for influenza antibody titers of five virus strains. Statistical analysis showed that adolescents who had been ill with influenza in the previous six months had significantly more psychiatric disorder than those who had not been ill with influenza in that p

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06319.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe course and outcome of cycloid psychotic disorder was explored by means of a prospective three‐year follow‐up of a sample of patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for the disorder provided by Perris&Brockington, compared to patients with a diagnosis of affective or schizoaffective disorder. The most striking difference between cycloids and affectives was the lack of manic episodes during the follow‐up period in the former group. Moreover, the mean age at onset was lower in cycloids. No difference between these patient groups was observed with regard to outcome. Compared to schizoaffectives, cycloids showed several differences in the clinical picture during the index episode, and their symptomatological pattern was more consistent from one episode to another during the follow‐up. Moreover, the outcome of cycloids was significantly more favourable than that of schizodepre

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06320.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY