摘要:

Studies on alcoholic patients have found a higher than expected prevalence of panic disorder, and suggest a positive correlation between the level of alcohol consumption and severity of anxiety. Conversely, there is an increased prevalence of alcoholism among patients with panic disorder and their blood relatives. A comparison of symptoms, physiological and neurochemical changes known to occur in both alcohol withdrawal and panic disorder reveals a degree of similarity between the 2 conditions. Based on the data, we propose that the chemical and cognitive changes occurring as the result of repeated alcohol withdrawals may kindle and condition coincidence of panic attacks in susceptible individuals. Implications of our postulates for treatment of alcohol withdrawal and panic disorder in alcoholics and for future studies are discussed.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06460.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article reports a preliminary investigation of the psychometric properties of the Manchester Scale (MS). Fifty‐three patients were assessed on the instrument, 33 at time 1 (7–10 days after admission) and 53 at time 2 (during the week prior to discharge). Interrater reliabilities were generally good at time 2. The factor analyses conducted on the 8 MS items at times 1 and 2 suggest that MS contains a heterogeneous group of items: only the MS negative symptoms were related to one another. The MS positive and negative symptoms were strongly correlated with their counterpart items on the Schedules for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and Negative Symptoms, suggesting that the MS items have good concurrent valid

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06461.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eighty‐five seamen exposed to a variety of organic solvents and hydrocarbon compounds during their work on chemical tankers were compared with 59 unexposed seamen. Visual memory, auditory memory and visual abstraction were examined 14 days or more after the last solvent exposure. Multivariate analyses were performed to control the effects of confounding factors such as age, alcohol consumption, smoking, cerebral concussions and educational level. Significant correlations were found between increasing solvent exposure and poor results in tests of auditory memory and visual abstraction. These results indicate adverse psychological effects caused by chronic organic solvent exposur

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06462.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study was undertaken to further explore the relationship between the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and suicide. Depressed inpatients who had undergone the DST at index admission and later committed suicide (n= 13) were matched for age, gender, diagnosis, and type of DST (1 mg, 2 mg) with depressed inpatients from the same hospital and study time period to form 2 groups: a suicide attempter group (n= 25) and a nonattempter group (n= 28). The suicide completers group had significantly higher 1600 postdexamethasone cortisol levels than the suicide attempters group and a significantly higher 1600 rate of DST nonsuppression compared with the suicide attempter + nonattempter combined group. Although the rate of DST nonsuppression did not differ between the suicide attempter and nonattempter groups, serious attempters had significantly higher 1600 cortisol levels and a statistically higher proportion of patients who completed suicide than nonserious attempters. Comparing suicide completers with and without DST nonsuppression revealed a marginal difference concerning the time of the DST to suicide, with the nonsuppressor group time to suicide being less than the suppressor group (4.3 monthsvs11.7 months).

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06463.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study examined the ability of the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), a cognitive screening test commonly employed in research and clinical applications, to predict level of performance on a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, the Luria‐Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB). The tests were administered to a diagnostically mixed sample of 90 psychiatric inpatients. Correlations between the tests were statistically significant but modest and the MMSE was not able to detect many patients who demonstrated significant deficits on the LNNB. Additional correlational analyses between the MMSE and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐Revised in a subset of patients (n= 72) also showed a modest relationship between these instruments. The results suggest that the MMSE may seriously underestimate cognitive impairment in samples exclusively composed of psychiatric patients, making it inappropriate to rely solely on this instrument to distinguish psychiatric patients with and without cognitive de

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06464.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Disturbances of the topographical distribution of theta activity in the EEG spectra before and during voluntary movements were investigated in 31 neuroleptic‐treated and in 13 untreated schizophrenics and matched controls as well as in 15 normals medicated with haloperidol. All 4 groups demonstrated similar topographical distribution of theta mean power density, with highest values over the midfrontal region. In the center frequency of the theta band, however, treated and untreated schizophrenics had lower values over the midfrontal region than at parietal electrodes. In controls and normals medicated with haloperidol, this frontoparietal “gradient” demonstrated the inverse picture, with highest values at the frontal midline electrode. Patients and controls differed significantly in this gradient. The slower theta activity over the midfrontal cortex in the schizophrenic patients is related to the hypofrontality hypot

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06465.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors re‐examined 20 patients who were found to exhibit mild tardive dyskinesia (TD) involving only one body area in 1980. Of these, 11 still showed TD of the same degree, whereas 4 had no TD and 5 aggravated TD. The authors conclude that mild TD involving one body area should be included in prevalence studies and that Schooler&Kane's definition of minimal manifestation of TD should be extended to include these patient

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06466.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In an epidemiological study carried out in the town of Tromsö in northern Norway an extensive questionnaire was sent twice, in summer and winter, to 1000 subjects to investigate the degree of symptoms of mood variation (depression or hypomania) during the polar winter night and midnight sun seasons. The results suggest that the general population north of the Arctic Circle shows a major seasonal mood variation. It is suggested that seasonal mood variation is a chronobiological mood disturbance related to and probably precipitated by extreme variations in light. The therapeutic implications and preventive measures are discussed

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06467.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The availability of firearms in a country was measured by noting the percentage of homicides committed using a firearm. This measure of gun availability was found to be positively associated with the suicide rate using firearms and negatively associated with the suicide rate using all other methods. The implications of these findings for suicide prevention are discussed.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06468.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ), a screening instrument developed for psychiatric disorders in developing countries, was administered to 149 mothers, half of whom where non‐white, attending a well‐baby clinic in Manchester, United Kingdom. Psychiatric interview confirmed that high scorers on the SRQ could be given DSM‐III diagnoses of anxiety and depression, but the cut‐off point on SRQ for being a definite psychiatric case was found to be 7/8, higher than previous validation studies. This was the same for Asians as well as white mothers. Comparison of somatic versus psychological scores between Asian and white mothers showed no significant difference across the range of total SRQ scores. Over half of the mothers who were psychiatric cases were attending their doctors and all the Asian women doing so were attending for somatic symptoms. This study suggests that when measured in a well‐baby clinic, somatic and psychological symptoms are reported equally frequently by white and Asian immigrant women in the United Kingdom but somatic symptoms predominate when Asian women consult

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06469.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY