摘要:

Over the past 3 decades, the development of reliable and cross‐culturally applicable diagnostic criteria and instruments for the assessment of mental disorders has been one of the major goals of the WHO mental health programme. The most important step in this endeavour of WHO was the production of the ICD‐10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders and the following instruments: Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) and International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE). This article outlines the basic characteristics of the latest editions of CIDI, SCAN and IPDE and provides descriptions of their newly developed versions and modu

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01559.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to identify 89 incident social phobia cases in wave 2 household subjects from 9437 at risk persons age 18 or older as part of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study. Crude annual incidence of Diagnostic Interview Schedule/DSM‐III social phobia was estimated at 9 per 1000 population per year. Onset of social phobia was associated with low education, never having been married and female gender. First onsets occurred throughout the life course of this adult sample. Nervousness, headache, panic spells, palpitations, other phobias, binge pattern of alcohol consumption, dysthymia and schizophrenic symptoms were also predictive of social phobia onset. There was no difference in predictive factors when “primary” social phobia (without premorbid panic) was analyzed separ

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01560.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors describe methods of suicide registered in Denmark during the last 70 years. The preferred method was initially hanging then later poisoning, first mainly with household gas, later with other agents, especially overdoses of medicine. In recent years there has, however, also been an increasing number of hangings, drownings and other methods of suicide, and there seems to be an increasing inclination towards selecting more violent methods. The Danes’ choice of method for committing suicide differ somewhat from that in the other Scandinavian countries; in particular, there have been far more cases of self‐poisoning in Denm

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01561.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A retrospective study of brain investigations of 372 male patients in a maximum‐security mental hospital patients is described. All computed tomography (CT) scan and electroencephalography (EEG) reports were collected and rated blind; patients were subsequently divided into 3 groups according to the violence rating of their pre‐admission offending behaviour. The 3 groups were similar in their mean age, psychiatric diagnosis, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale score and proportions of patients investigated with EEG and CT. In the most violent group, 20% had focal temporal electrical abnormalities on EEG (slowing and/or sharp waves) and 41% had structural abnormalities localised to temporal lobe on CT (dilated temporal horn and/or reduced size of temporal lobe). The corresponding figures for the least violent group are 2.4% and 6.7% respectively. These results suggest that high violence rating scores are associated with temporal lobe abnormalities on CT and abnormal temporal electrical discharges on

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01562.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and treatment modalities of elderly practice attenders. A total of 330 patients aged over 65 years were investigated with a questionnaire in general practice. To assess insomnia, operationalized diagnostic criteria according to DSM‐III‐R were applied. Twenty‐three percent of the elderly patients suffered from severe, 17% from moderate and 17% from mild insomnia. More than 80% of the patients reported suffering from insomnia for 1–5 years or longer, which indicates a chronic course. Elderly patients showed unrealistic expectations concerning duration of sleep and spend more time in bed than they realistically can expect to sleep. More than half of the elderly patients reported habitual daytime napping. Sleep‐disturbed elderly patients did not differ significantly from good sleepers in their habit of taking daytime naps, but even when taking daytime naps, good sleepers slept significantly longer than the sleep‐disturbed patients. A significant association was found between insomnia and mental disorders, i.e., depression and organic brain syndrome according to the diagnosis of the general physician. In about half of the cases the primary care physician was not aware that the elderly patient suffered from severe insomnia. More than half of the elderly severe insomniacs took prescribed hypnotics habitually, mainly benz

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01563.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a study describing suicide attempters’ approach to the health and social welfare authorities prior to a suicide attempt, it was found that one‐fourth of the patients seeking help requested therapeutic consultations and only a few asked for medicinal treatment. Forty‐four percent had taken newly prescribed medicine for the parasuicide. It is concluded that the availability of psychological support and a more restrictive prescription of medicine could have a preventive effect on parasuicidal behaviour. Patients suffering from depression and pain have more often than other patients been in contact with their general practitioner prior to the suicide attempt. Postgraduate courses for practitioners on depression diagnostics and suicidal behaviour are proposed as a measure in suicide preve

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01564.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Several studies have shown correlations between personality types and affective disorders. To investigate the influence on personality assessment of the reporting individual's own schemata according to the cognitive theory of depression, we used an instrument of 29 items of semantic differentials. We obtained responses from 45 patients (18 men, 27 women) upon their recovery and from their spouses. Each of these 90 individuals indicated self‐perception on one copy and his or her perception of spouse on another. Factor analysis yielded four factors. Self‐perception and perception by spouse were significantly positively correlated for all these factors for the patients and their spouses, indicating lack of schemata influence. Anxiety scores were higher for patients and for women. There was negative correlation for extroversion within couples. Male (but not female) patients showed a negative correlation with their spouses for anxi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01565.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A modified version of the SCID Screen questionnaire covering 103 criteria by means of 124 questions was compared with SCID II interviews in 69 psychiatric patients. The correlation between the number of criteria fulfilled in the SCID II interviews or the questionnaires was 0.84. In the SCID interviews, 54% of the patients had a personality disorder. When the SCID Screen questionnaire was used, 73% had a personality disorder. When the cut‐off level for diagnosis was adjusted, the frequency found by means of the SCID screen questionnaire or the interviews was roughly the same, 58% and 54%, respectively. The overall kappa for agreement between the SCID II interviews and questionnaire with adjusted cut‐off was 0

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01566.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim was to study the longitudinal course of suicidal behaviour and ideation in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) compared with patients with other diagnoses. Ninety‐seven patients (41 BPD, 33 other personality disorders, 23 no personality disorder) consecutively admitted to a day unit were given a prospective personal interview follow‐up with evaluations at admission, discharge and at follow‐up after 2–5 years. Even when controlled for Axis I disorders, BPD patients showed significantly more often a lifetime history of suicide attempts. BPD patients with a history of suicide attempts were more suicidal at index admission, continued to be so over the follow‐up period and differed systematically in an unfavourable direction from other BPD patients on the major outcome measures. BPD patients without suicidal behaviour had an outcome nearly as good as non‐BPD patients, and only 41% of them retained the BPD diagnosis at follow‐up. Suicidal behaviour and ideation are highly prevalent in BPD. These suicidal expressions are of an enduring nature and seem as a diagnostic criterion to enhance the predictive capacity of the

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01567.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between Grade II subclinical hypothyroidism and mixed affective states was examined in a cohort of 66 patients with bipolar affective disorder. The overall frequency of Grade II subclinical hypothyroidism was 20%. There was no difference in frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism or in mean thyroid hormone levels between the mixed state and non‐mixed‐state gr

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01568.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY