摘要:

Prior reviews indicate that schizophrenics tend to be born in the winter, relative to non‐psychiatric controls. This conclusion has been criticized, however, as the association between birth seasonality and schizophrenia may be the result of a statistical artifact, the age‐incidence effect. To examine this possibility, we studied the birth seasonality of 2892 schizophrenics, controlling for the age‐incidence effect. Both before and after instituting these controls, we found excesses for the months of December and March. We conclude that the age‐incidence hypothesis does not provide any general explanation of the season‐of‐birth effect in sc

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Over a period of 3 years, 340 patients (199 men and 141 women) who met DSM‐III‐R criteria for schizophrenia and who knew their exact date of birth were interviewed to determine the age at onset of illness. The immediate family's first awareness of psychotic symptoms was used as the index of onset. Men had a significantly earlier mean age at onset (24 ± 6) than the women (27 ± 8). By the time they were 30 years of age, 83% of the men and 66% of the women had become ill. The findings are remarkably similar to those of an earlier report in the same cultural setting, and add to the evidence of sex differences in age at onset of schizoph

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A significant difference in the prevalence of personality disorders was reported between similar studies of suicide among young people (under age 30) performed in San Diego, California (10% of 133 cases), and Göteborg, Sweden (34% of 58 cases). The difference was due entirely to the absence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) reported in the San Diego sample. In this study, we used preselected variables to reassess the suicides from the San Diego study for criteria consistent with BPD. We found that 41% met the criteria, which was now not significantly different from the Göteborg sample. Comparisons among a number of other demographic, social, and diagnostic variables revealed many similarities in the two samples, particularly Axis I comorbidity with depression and/or substance abuse and Axis II comorbidity with antisocial personality disorder. We conclude that the characteristics associated with BPD identify similar young persons who committed suicide in Sweden and the United States. Questions remain as to whether or not Axis I and II disorders are independent in relation to suicide. The comorbidity pattern described here must be considered seriously in the clinical setting for its fatal implication

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty adult patients suffering from Down's syndrome (DS) were recruited from hospitals and the community, together with 14 age‐ and sex‐matched controls of normal intelligence. Dementia was diagnosed in patients using a structured psychiatric and physical examination as well as a carer interview and case notes. All patients and controls were imaged using single photon emission computerized tomography with99mTc‐exametazime. Four patients were clinically demented and all of them showed regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes commonly found in patients with Alzheimer's disease, namely bilateral temporo‐parietal deficits. These changes were also observed in about half of the patients without clinical evidence of dementia, but in none of the healthy controls. Across the group of patients, temporo‐parietal rCBF deficits were associated with evidence of deterioration, but not with adva

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The hypothesis was tested that there are relationships between schizophrenic negative or deficit symptoms, the skin conductance nonresponding and an elevated amplitude of the postimperative negative variation (PINV). These variables were recorded in 16 chronic schizophrenics and 10 healthy controls. Clinical symptoms were assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire 3 and Chapman Questionnaire. In the patient group we found a significantly elevated PINV at Fz. Surprisingly, only one patient was a skin conductance nonresponder. PINV amplitude at Fz and the number of skin conductance responses to habituation were not correlated with negative or deficit symptoms including anhedonia. The hypothesis thus had to be rejected.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

If a genetic association between the D2dopamine receptor genotype and alcoholism is mediated by altered dopamine function, then a stronger association might be found in alcoholics who are deviant in indices of dopamine function and by comparing alcoholics to nonalcoholics matched for ethnic origin. Therefore, we evaluated the D2/TaqI polymorphism in 29 impulsive violent alcoholic Finns, 17 nonimpulsive violent alcoholic Finns and 36 Finnish controls free of mental disorders, alcoholism and substance abuse. In 37 of the alcoholics, we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homovanillic acid (HVA), 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) and 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol. There was no relationship between D2/Taq 1 genotype and concentrations of these monoamine metabolites in this group, which exhibits lower CSF HVA and 5‐HIAA as compared to controls. There was also no genotypic difference between Finnish alcoholics and nonalcoholic controls. The lack of relationship between D2/Taq1 genotype and HVA concentration was replicated in 24 Caucasian alcoholics in the Un

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03279.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bone density of lumbar vertebrae (L2 to L4) and the whole body in 29 patients with anorexia nervosa were measured by dual photon absorptiometry, and the results were compared with those of 10 age‐matched normal controls. The patients had significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) in L3 and L2‐4 than controls. However, there was no difference in whole‐body BMD. L3 and L2‐4 BMD was positively correlated with body weight and was negatively correlated with duration of illness and amenorrhea. Patients who had been more active 6 months before the time of the study had significantly higher L3 BMD than the less active patients. Most patients had an abnormally low serum estrogen level, whereas the mean serum levels of thyroid hormone (T3, T4), cortisol, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D were within the normal range. No correlation was found between L3 or L2‐4 BMD and the levels of these hormones. These results suggest that severe weight loss, low physical activity, longer duration of amenorrhea and deficiency of estrogen contribute to bone loss in patients with anorexia nervosa, whereas calcium‐regulating hormones such as parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and vitamin D are unlikely to be a primary contributor t

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To evaluate the role of defective drug oxidation as a predisposing factor for neuroleptic‐induced dystonic reactions, 26 patients who developed the reaction and 53 with no history of dystonia were phenotyped by the debrisoquine hydroxylation test. The percentage of poor debrisoquine metabolizers was similar in patients with dystonic reactions (11.5%) and in the control group (9.4%). These results suggest that there is no association between the individual's drug oxidative status and the occurrence of neuroleptic‐induced dysto

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ten patients with DSM‐III‐R obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) underwent the desipramine (DMI) growth hormone (GH) stimulation test as well as the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). The results were compared with the responses in a group of matched healthy controls. The GH response to DMI did not differ between patients and controls and 9 of 10 patients showed cortisol suppression in response to dexamethasone. The data suggest that neither alpha2adrenergic dysfunction nor DST non‐suppression are features of prim

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03282.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We sought in this study to clarify the role that familial factors play in influencing the clinical presentation of major depression (MD). We examined the similarity of the historical and symptomatic features of MD in 176 pairs of female‐female monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins from a population‐based registry, where both members reported a history of MD defined by DSM‐III‐R criteria. The age at onset and treatment‐seeking were significantly correlated in all twin pairs and the correlation in concordant DZ pairs was actually somewhat higher than in concordant MZ twins. The degree of impairment was modestly correlated in all twin pairs with substantially higher correlations in MZvsDZ twins. No twin resemblance was observed for number of episodes or longest duration of an episode. Twin resemblance for the clinical features of MD was modest, but so was their consistency for the same individual over successive 1‐year periods. However, in 5 of the 6 neurovegetative symptoms involving changes in appetite, weight and sleep, MZ twins were significantly correlated and correlations were significantly greater in concordant MZvsDZ twins. Although the familial factors that cause twin resemblance for the age at onset and treatment seeking appear to be largely environmental, twin resemblance for the degree of impairment and neurovegetative symptoms are probably due largely to genetic factors. Our results suggest that familial factors influence the predisposition to some clinical fea

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY