摘要:

ABSTRACTIn a randomized crossover design, 7 patients with winter depression were treated with 7 d of bright morning light (0600 to 0800) and 7 d of evening light (2000 to 2200). Bright lights in the morning significantly reduced the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) score (18.4 to 5.0); the bright light in the evening moderately decreased the HRSD score (19.4 to 15.1). The improvement in the HRSD score was significantly greater with morning light than with evening light.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01397.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA comparative outcome study of 2 contrasting activity‐based groups with 80 hospitalized nonpsychotic patients is described. One group focused on activities designed to evoke emotional or interpersonal reactions followed by a subsequent reflection. The other focused on handicrafts and non‐emotionally challenging activities. Ego strength was also measured with an instrument developed in conjunction with the study. The 2 groups were demonstrated to be consistent with the preconditions and significantly different by independent scoring of videotaped sessions. There was a greater rated threrapeutic gain in the interactional group at discharge, but patient ratings did not differ between groups. There were no differences at follow‐up between the groups. Measured ego strength strongly predicted outcome after correcting for the initial symptom levels. Ego strength did not interact with activity type. Clinical diagnosis did not predict differential outcome. The groups had no differential effects on specific symptom clusters or social functi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn a family history study of 366 schizophrenic probands and their 1851 first‐degree relatives, we found a relationship between age at onset of psychosis in the male probands and the risk for schizophrenia in their relatives. The relatives of male schizophrenic probands whose onset of psychosis occurred when they were younger than 17 years of age had an increased risk of schizophrenia when compared with the relatives of male probands with an age at onset greater than 17. We did not find an association between age at onset of psychosis in the female probands and familial risk. Cox proportional hazards models permitted us to examine the relationship between age at onset of psychosis in the probands and familial risk while controlling for possible confounding effect

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01399.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA total of 106 affective, 101 schizoaffective and 148 schizophrenic disorders were investigated after a long‐term course of illness (mean follow‐up period 25.1 years), employing narrow definitions and using reliable international instruments of evaluation. In addition, the social consequences of the illness were evaluated (upward and downward social and occupational drift, premature retirement and achievement of the expected social development). Considering all aspects of outcome, schizophrenic patients (narrow defined, slightly modified DSM‐III criteria) had persistent alterations in several aspects of social life, communication and cognitive functions, in some cases to a very high degree. Although the outcome of affective disorders is not always favourable, it is significantly more favourable than that of schizophrenia. Schizoaffective disorders occupy a position between affective and schizophrenic disorders regarding outcome, but with more similarities to that of affective than to that of schizophrenic diso

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01400.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOne of the core problems in clinical research is the detection of early changes in target symptoms that predict future therapeutic outcome. To analyze potential predictors of outcome, data of a multicenter study on patients with panic disorder were used. A total of 1010 patients were randomly allocated either to alprazolam, imipramine or placebo treatment. Early improvement in the number of spontaneous panic attacks within the first week of treatment predicted outcome exclusively in the alprazolam group. In contrast, placebo responders and nonresponders were differentiated by early changes in anticipatory anxiety intensity. For tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine an evaluation period of more than one week is required to allow conclusions about outcome.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01401.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe results of a double‐blind clinical trial of fengabinevsclomipramine in depressed outpatients are reported. Fengabine, a new GABAergic agent, seems to be as effective as the reference drug, with a faster onset of action and a more marked effect on cognitive disturbances and retardation. The new drug is free of any significant anticholinergic or cardiovascular effect, and it is not sedativ

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01402.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPeople who completed suicide in West Berlin and left suicide notes were found to differ in sex, age, method used for suicide and the reason for suicide, compared with those not leaving notes. These results suggest that conclusions from research into the psychodynamics of suicide based on suicide notes may be biased.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01403.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of alcoholism was reported to be 0.1 % in an aboriginal study on Taiwan using the census survey method in the 1950s. This study adopted a modified Chinese Diagnostic Interview Schedule to determine the prevalence of DSM‐III‐defined alcohol abuse (AA) and alcohol dependence (AD) in the Atayal, Paiwan and Yami ethnic groups of Taiwan aborigines. Stratified random sampling was used. The sample sizes of Atayal, Paiwan and Yami were 793, 656 and 106 respectively. The prevalence rates of DSM‐III‐defined AA and AD were 11.6%, 11.4% and 14.2%; and 9.0%, 8.1% and 6.4% respectively. No significant difference was found between the 3 ethnic groups. These prevalence figures are significantly higher than those for Chinese. In this comparative analysis, 2 distinct etiological hypotheses are proposed for the AA and

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01404.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA study of suicide among the nonnomadic Gypsies in three counties in Hungary revealed that they had a lower completed suicide rate but a higher attempted suicide rate than ethnic Hungarians. The rate of attempted suicide appeared to be higher in the younger, partially assimilated Gypsies as a result of the conflict between the traditional values of their parents and the pull of the larger Hungarian culture.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01405.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn examination of suicide rates in Switzerland during the period when domestic gas was detoxified indicated that, not only did the use of domestic gas for suicide decline, but so did the overall suicide rate, indicating that people did not switch to alternative methods for suicide, contrary to a claim made by the late Erwin Stengel.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY