摘要:

The plasma prolactin (PRL) levels of 35 chronic schizophrenic patients undergoing long‐term maintenance treatment with neuroleptic drugs were measured before and after either neuroleptic withdrawal or a switch to a fixed dose of chlorpromazine 900 mg/ day. In both men and women there tended to be a significant correlation between the initial log plasma PRL level while on neuroleptic maintenance treatment and the dosage received converted to chlorpromazine equivalents. Neuroleptic withdrawal in each of 19 cases was followed by a decline in PRL plasma levels. Switching to chlorpromazine 900 mg/day (16 cases) produced either increases or decreases in PRL plasma levels that were significantly correlated with the change in neuroleptic dosage converted to chlorpromazine equivalents. Thus there was no evidence of tolerance to the PRL‐elevating effect of neuroleptics in these patients who had been treated for many years with neurolept

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00794.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Homicide is frequently associated with mental illness and suicide. The present study is an investigation of all known homicide incidents in Iceland during the past 80 years (1900–1979). There were 45 homicide incidents, involving 52 victims and 47 offenders. One‐third of the perpetrators were either psychotic, mentally subnormal, or committed suicide. A further one‐third were diagnosed as personality disordered, alcoholic, drug dependent or neurotic. A substantial proportion of the offenders suffered from fairly marked physical disabilities, and the mentally ill were significantly more frequently afflicted by such defects. Over 60 % of the offenders and 50 % of the victims were under the influence of alcohol at the material time. The findings are generally consistent with those of previous psychiatric studies of hom

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00795.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Age‐of‐onset data were gathered on first‐degree relatives of 252 probands with bipolar and unipolar affective disorders. Early onset probands (younger than 40 at onset) had more early onset relatives and a greater risk for affective disorder among their relatives than late onset probands (40 or older). This indicates that age‐of‐onset is a familial factor correlated with the liability to affective illness.Multiple threshold models of inheritance were applied to the data using age‐of‐onset as a liability‐threshold determinant. The hypothesis of autosomal single‐major locus was ruled out. Multi‐factorial‐polygenic inheritance provided a better fit to the data. The data suggest that early and late onset affective disorders can be placed at different thresholds on a genetic environmental continuum and that the early onset form is more deviant genetically than the late onset type. The implications for genetic research in affective d

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00796.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pimozide (PMZ), a relatively specific dopamine (DA) receptor blocking drug, was compared to chlorpromazine (CPZ) in a double‐blind, between‐patient clinical trial in mania. The trial lasted 14 days. Twenty‐three patients who fulfilledFeighner'scriteria for mania entered the trial (one patient entering on two separate occasions). Both drugs led to clinical improvement, with a significant effect being noted within 24 hours. According to one of the two rating scales used, initial improvement was greater with chlorpromazine, probably due to its greater sedative effect. By 7 days both drugs were equally effective. Sedative side effects were more frequent in patients on CPZ; extrapyramidal side effects were more frequent with PMZ. The finding that the relatively specific DA receptor blocking drug PMZ was as effective as CPZ in the treatment of mania is consistent with the view that hyperactivity of central DA pathways is involved in the pathogenesis of this cond

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00797.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Data obtained from anxious outpatients treated with either chlordiazepoxide or diazepam (n= 533) or placebo (n= 285) were used to explore the impact of coffee/tea and cigarette consumption upon the frequency of reporting of drowsiness after 2 weeks of treatment. Strong evidence was provided that both cigarette smoking and coffee drinking afiect the frequency with which drowsiness is reported by patients receiving the two benzodiazepines. However, not only the magnitude but also the direction of the impact of coffee consumption upon drowsiness depends upon the level of cigarette smoking and vice versa. For patients smoking ≦ 1 pack of cigarettes/day, drowsiness is reported less frequently by heavy coffee users while for patients smoking>1 pack of cigarettes/day, drowsiness is reported more frequently by heavy coffee users. Similarly, for patients drinking ≦ 2 cups of coflee/day, drowsiness occurs less frequently among heavier smokers while for patients drinking>2 cups of coffee/day, drowsiness occurs more frequently among heavier smokers. These results are consistent with reports that particular substances contained in coffee and tea and in cigarette smoke stimulate the synthesis of hepatic enzymes which metabolize both the benzodiazepines here studied and the substances which have stimulated enzyme synthe

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00798.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A group of 17 white male chronic schizophrenic subjects were divided on the basis of plexus visualization score (PVS). High and low PVS subjects were compared to each other and to low PVS controls on measures of platelet monamine oxidase (MAO), rbc catechol‐o‐methyl transferase (COMT), and plasma dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase (DβH). There were no differences between high and low PVS subjects on any biochemical variable. Schizophrenic subjects had lower platelet MAO activity than controls. Platelet MAO and rbc COMT were significantly correlated in schizophrenic

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00799.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A self‐rating depression questionnaire based on the Hamilton Depression Questionnaire was given directly by a microcomputer to 43 controls and 125 depressed patients. Scores obtained from the two groups differed very significantly; choosing an appropriate cut‐off point, the computer‐delivered questionnaire accurately detected the presence of depression.The severity of depression in the patients, as indicated by their scores, correlated significantly with assessments of severity by qualified clinicians.Patients commented favourably on the procedure, and the medical and nursing staff found it instructive and helpful.The use of this technique appears practicable and further evaluation is in pro

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00800.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A longitudinal study of 21 non‐hospitalized manic‐depressive subjects treated with lithium was carried out over a 3‐year period: year 1 (Y1), year 2 (Y2), year 3 (Y3). A control group C of 21 subjects matched for age, sex and educational level was compared to Y1, Y2 and Y3 using the Cattell Intelligence Scale, the immediate memory recall test of numbers, the Code Test (WAIS), the 15‐Word Test and the Benton Visual Retention Test. The vocabulary test of Binois and Pichot was first applied to C and Y1 to test the homogeneity of intellectual level between these two groups.A strategy of variance analysis followed by non‐parametric Mann‐Whitney and Wilcoxon tests was applied for statistical analysis of the results. Generally, except for the Cattell test, the patients presented lower scores than the control group. This decrease was not accentuated as time elapsed; the non‐verbal were not affected more than the verbal tests.A clinical analysis was carried out relating the importance of the criteria “deterioration” to four other criteria: “age”, “gravity and duration of illness”, “history of E.C.T.” and “insufficient mood stabilization”. The factor “gravity of the illness” was slightly more frequently

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00801.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The extent of genetic heterogeneity in major affective illness was estimated via three paradigms of single‐major‐locus inheritance. In the first paradigm bipolar and unipolar disorders were represented at different liability thresholds on a genetic‐environmental continuum. The second paradigm incorporated sex‐related thresholds into the model, thereby testing the hypothesis that affective illness is a transmitted trait whose phenotypic expression is a function of the individual's sex. The third paradigm included both clinical polarity and sex effect as threshold phenomena. All three paradigms predicted considerable genetic heterogeneity in affective disorders. Bipolar homozygotes were far more common than unipolar homozygotes, although the majority of ill individuals in the first two paradigms were heterozygotes. According to the third paradigm bipolar males had the highest proportion of homozygotes amongst the affected population. Significant increases in nomo‐zygosity occurred using the dual mating sampling method. Depending on the model paradigm and parameters these increases were 140–25,000% over the random sample method. The implications for biologic and genetic research in affective disorders wer

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00802.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The case‐notes of 41 elderly depressives who underwent computed tomography were examined and the ECT history of each patient was assessed. No association was found between ECT and global cortical atrophy or ventricular size, but a significant relationship was demonstrated between frontal lobe atrophy and EC

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00803.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY