ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19890410202

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA review is given of recent publications on the absorption of carbohydrates especially in relation to calcium. Starch and sucrose are hydrolyzed in mammals by enzymes attached to the wall of the jejunum to glucose and fructose. These are rapidly absorbed via carrier mediated mechanisms in adjoining epithelial cells. Feeding relatively high levels of lactose, sugar alcohols or modified starches to rodents leads to enhanced calcium absorption in the ileum. This results in increased urinary calcium, which may lead to lesions of the kidneys and adrenals in rats or to the formation of bladder stones in mice. If not hydrolyzed to absorbable moieties in the small intestine, carbohydrates pass to the cecum where they are fermented by microbial flora. This fermentation leads to cecal enlargement, diarrhoea and a decrease in urinary pH. All these effects, mainly caused by substantially overfeeding the rodents with these carbohydrates, are of no significance to humans consuming a balanced diet.

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19890410203

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDie Erschließung neuer Märkte für die Stärkeindustrie bedingt zum Teil Stärkequalitäten, die von den klassischen Stärken nicht erbracht werden. Erbsenstärke kann hier erfolgreich eingesetzt werden, wie unsere Untersuchung zeigt. Zu beachten ist aber dabei, daß sich die Stärken der beiden Unterartensativum(Palerbse) undmedullare(Markerbse) der botanischen ArtPisum sativumL. (Erbse) erheblich voneinander unterscheiden. Charakteristisch für Palerbsen ist nach unseren Untersuchungen ein Stärkegehalt von ca. 50% i.TS, während Markerbsen lediglich Werte um 30% i. TS erreichen. Bezüglich der Korngröße weisen die Palerbsenstärken einen Anteil von über 50% im Feinkornbereich auf, die Markerbsenstärken fast 100%. Die Amylosegehalte liegen bei der Palerbsenstärken mit etwa 40% bereits deutlich über den Werten der klassischen Stärken, doch werden diese Gehalte von den Markerbsenstärken mit über 70% Amylose noch

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19890410204

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of storage on yield and modification of starch using hydrochloric acid and acetic anhydride were studied. Yield of starch from fresh roots (24.4%) was significantly greater than yield (16,2%) from roots stored at room temperature for six days. On a dry weight basis the amount of starch in the roots decreased over a six day storage period. The proximate composition of cassava starch on dry weight basis was 0.24% ash, 0.13% fat, 0.49% protein, 0.15% crude fibre and 98.4% starch. The isolated starch was treated with different concentration of hydrochloric acid to produce acid thinned and dextrinized starches and different concentration of acetic anhydride to produce acetyl substituted starches. The alkali number of acid thinned and dextrinized starches increased with acid treatment while the viscosity decreased.The degree of substitution increased with the concentration of acetic anhydride used. The cold water solubility of the acid thinned and acetyl substituted starches were similar to that of native starches while the solubility of the dextrinized starches increased with the acid concentration. The viscosity of the acetyl substituted starches increased with the degree of substitution.

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19890410205

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGlucoamylase is one of the most important industrial enzymes and has a world wide application. A comprehensive review of microbial glucoamylase, its production, multiplicity, molecular characteristics, action on soluble and insoluble substrates and industrial usefulness is presented.

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19890410206

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe higher cost of starch, almost equal to that of cane sugar in International market, necessitates the search for other cheaper raw materials for the production of high fructose syrup at economic cost in countries like India. The direct utilization of cassava chips seems to offer advantages and hence its feasibility was investigated. The comparative economics showed that the gain in lower expenses on cassava chips as compared to cassava starch are completely upset by the higher capital investment on plant and machineries as well as higher expenses on activated carbon and steam. In addition, a number of operational difficulties were encountered with the use of cassava chips. Against the total capital investment of 597.940 and 436.240 US $ for production of 10 t high fructose syrup/d, the cost of production per kg works out to be US $ 0.51 and 0.46, respectively, based on cassava chips and cassava starch. The studies establish that the direct utilization of cassava chips for the production of high fructose syrup does not offer any economic advantage.

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19890410207

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of heat treatment and dietary fiber from whole and dehulled black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds on digestibility of various starches by bovine, porcine and human pancreatic α‐amylases was studied. Corn, rice, wheat and black bean starch digestibility increased after heating. The degree of hydrolysis of black bean starch ranged between 56 and 83% of the values obtained for cereal starches depending on the enzyme used. Enzyme activity was: human‐>porcine>bovine regardless of the substrate employed. Dietary fiber decreased starch digestibility by porcine enzyme. This effect was more marked when whole grain fiber was used. Black bean and rice starch digestibility by human amylase was not affected by fiber, while corn and wheat starch hydrolysis was slightly inhibited. The use of the human enzyme is recomended forin vitroamylolysis assays. Attention is called on the difficulties of extrapolating results obtained with animal enzymes to hu

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19890410208

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGel permeation chromatography on Bio‐Gel P2 (‐400 mesh) has been used successfully to identify the structures and separate oligosaccharides of up to DP4 in the hydrolysates of pullulan, elsinan and nigeran solely on a size exclusion principle brought about by the secondary and tertiary structure of oligosaccharides containing mixed glycosidic linkages. The technique could not be applied to lichenan hydrolysates since the influence of (1 → 3)‐β‐ and (1 → 4)‐β‐D‐glycosidic linkages on the elution behaviour of oligosaccharides is very similar. However, results obtained for elsinan hydrolysates are in accordance with those obtained after exhaustive methylation and enzymatic analysis which required many work ups and fractionations on both paper and activated charcoal columns. Therefore, the use of Bio‐Gel P2 for structural analysis of oligosaccharides is a considerably valuable time saving tool in polysaccharide structural analysis providing the nature of the glycosidic linkages within the polysaccharide show differ

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19890410209

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19890410210

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19890410211

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY