摘要:

AbstractThe production of glucose‐fructose syrup is currently carried out with the use of immobilized glucose‐isomerase enzymes. Pilot‐plant data are also available on the saccharification of starch by means of immobilized glucoamylase. This renders the elaboration of experimental data and theoretical relationships necessary for the planning and operation of bioreactors. In the case of immobilized enzymes the reaction rate is much effected by diffusion hindrance in the immobilized film, developed on the surface of the catalyst, and in the pores. The kinetics of diffusion hindrance has been determined for glucose‐isomerase enzymes immobilized in different ways (on the surface, enclosed in the gel or by copolymerization). Mass transfer constants, actual surface substrate concentrations,etc., have been solved graphically. Based on the results obtained, optimun operation conditions of the bioreactor have been det

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810331102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe whole‐cell glucose isomerase was immobilized by the method of block polymerization of acrylamide initiated by60Co irradiation. Some properties of immobilized glucose isomerase were studied under various reaction conditions, in respect of its use as industrial catalyst. It was established that Co2+ions did not increase stability of the immobilized enzyme at pH above 8.0. The half‐life of the immobilized glucose isomerase was found to be 24 days at 6

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810331103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGlucose syrups of 21, 45, 65 and 100% D. E. were isomerized using a Novo Sweetzyme isomerase over 24 h. The reaction was followed by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (hplc). Syrups with 49–52% isomerized glucose syrups were obtained. The sweetness of the glucose syrups was determined before and after isomerization in terms of threshold, and relative sweetness to a 5% sucrose standard solution at varying concentrations. Significant increases (up to two‐fold) were shown for both high and low D. E. syrups upon isomeriz

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810331104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the seventies large amounts of fructose have been produced from starch by isomerization of glucose. An alternative source of fructose is inulin, present as energy reserve in plants,e. g.from the composite family such as chicory and Jerusalem artichoke. To produce fructose from inulin a hydrolysis step is necessary. This can be performed by acids, but enzyme hydrolysis is preferable because of lower byproduct formation. An enzyme specially suited for industrial application is described. Full hydrolysis of inulin more than 98% (fructose and glucose) can be achieved at 60–65°C using economical dosages of enzyme. The reasons for the special efficiency of the enzyme are touched up

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810331105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractActivated carbon is used in the manufacture of starch‐based sweeteners such as glucose syrup, dextrose and isoglucose (HFCS) for purification and decolorization of these products. In this contribution the main production processes for activated carbon, that is steam activation and chemical activation are viewed, and the adsorptive properties of the resulting carbons are explained, based on standard adsorption tests (benzene adsorption, molasses number). Then the correlation between these properties and the aspects, that are important in the purification of starch‐based sweeteners is established. With the help of results from laboratory tests on glucose syrup using activated carbons with different adsorptive properties, their specific qualities are demonstrated, and criteria for the selection of an activated carbon are discussed. Finally some practical aspects of the application of activated carbon are vie

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810331106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study on the condensation of L‐sorbose with acetone to form 2,3‐4,6‐di‐o‐isopropylidene sorbose (diacetone sorbose, DAS) in the presence of various macroporous cationic exchange resins (sulfonic acid type based on styrene and divinyl benzene copolymers) has been carried out. The condensation rates were found to be dependent on the characteristics of the resins such as surface area and percent crosslinking. The formation of DAS was found to increase with increase in temperature and decrease with increase in particle size of the sorbose. On continuous use of the resins in the reaction the catalytic activity is found to

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810331107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe reassuring results of toxicity of orally administered ß‐cyclodextrin and the realization of its industrial production opens a new way in the formulation of non‐parenteral drug preparations. It is assumed that the utilization of ß‐cyclodextrin in oral drug preparations will be a common process within a decade. The molecular encapsulation of drugs –i.e.complexation with cyclodextrin – has numerous advantages out of which one of the most important is the improved bioavailability. By inclusion complexation of a drug with cyclodextrin the drug becomes molecularly dispersed in a hydrophylic matrix, therefore the poorly soluble drug will become more soluble and will dissolve with an increased dissolution rate in aqueous milieu. The improved solubility generally leads to higher blood‐level of the drug, which is manifested also in the biological response. The same dose of the drug results in an higher biological effect when applied a cyclodextrin complex, or to achieve an unaltered effect the drug dose c

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810331108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810331109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810331110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-9056    

DOI:10.1002/star.19810331111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY