ISSN:0029-666X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The 21 nutrition objectives established as part of the Healthy People 2000 initiative identify national goals for fostering the dietary changes needed to reduce the risk of chronic disease and to improve health status. These objectives specify targets to be reached by the year 2000 and vary from increasing the number of worksites that offer programs on nutrition and weight control to reducing the prevalence of iron deficiency. Progress toward achieving these goals was recently evaluated. Overall, progress was found to be mixed, and some objectives may fall short of their targets. Although one goal is to reduce the prevalence of overweight to no more than 20% among persons 20 years of age and older, the prevalence instead increased from the baseline 26% to 34%. While the intake of total fat and saturated fat (as a percentage of calories) declined somewhat, only about one-fifth of persons 2 or more years of age consumed 30% or fewer calories from total fat, and the same proportion consumed less than 10%c of calories from saturated fat. Less than one-third of adults consumed five or more servings of fruits and vegetables daily. Nonetheless, the review of progress identified recently implemented programs and partnerships that are likely to assist in meeting the goals. Moreover, the review highlighted the particular importance of addressing lifestyle changes that include increased physical activity and targeting efforts to children and adolescents so as to encourage appropriate patterns early in life.

ISSN:0029-666X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Free radicals and other “reactive oxygen species” (ROS) are formed continuously in the human body, both deliberately and by “accidents of chemistry.” Our endogenous antioxidant defenses are inadequate to completely prevent damage by ROS. Hence, diet-derived antioxidants may be of special importance in delaying or preventing the onset of diseases in which ROS are involved, such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and some forms of cancer. Determining the optimal intake of antioxidant nutrients is one of the greatest challenges in the nutrition/free radicals field today, but the possibility of side effects from supraoptimal doses must not be ignored.

ISSN:0029-666X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Folate is a “B” vitamin required for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein, prime events for cellular replication and growth. Thus, any stage in the life cycle characterized by cell replication and growth, such as pregnancy, lactation, and infancy, is a period of enhanced folate requirement. During the past 25 years, the issue of whether women are consuming adequate amounts of dietary folate has been debated by both clinicians and researchers alike. The incidence of folate inadequacy among women in either developed or developing countries is not known with certainty; however, it has been suggested that on a global scale up to one-third of pregnant women may be affected with various levels of folate undernutrition. Less than optimal folate nutrition is a risk factor for a number of negative maternal and fetal outcomes including loiv birthweight, neural tube defects (NTDs), cervical dysplasia, and cardiovascular disease. In this paper we provide an overview of the current dietary folate recommendations for women of reproductive age, bases for such recommendations and current concerns. The consequences of suboptimal folate status to woman's health and that of the unborn are discussed, as are common and good dietary sources of folate. Finally, we assess whether it is possible for North American women to consume the quantity of folate currently recommended for women of reproductive age and strategies to improve folate status during childbearing years.

ISSN:0029-666X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

“We should at least consider the hypothesis that cultural styles and malignant poverty and all its concomitants are as likely to be the outcomes of food deprivation as the cause of it.” (Calloway, 1982)Mild or moderate malnutrition is prevalent for most of the world's population, and yet its functional effects, if any, have been largely unstudied. The problem of millions of chronically malnourished people in the world, many of them pregnant women and young children, does not elicit the same response from governments and people as do the horrors of famine and starvation. Even though the possibility of death is greater for severely malnourished people, moderate malnutrition is believed to result in many more deaths, because the number who suffer from less severe malnutrition is much larger worldwide. Among those who survive, many are believed never to reach their full physical or mental potential. In order to appropriately document this assumption, a panel of the National Academy of Sciences in the late 1970s assigned the highest priority to research bearing on world food and nutrition issues to determining the functional significance of nutritional status. It was against this background that the Nutrition Collaborative Research Support Program (Nutrition CRSP) had its beginnings more than a decade ago.Dr. Kirksey is Meredith Distinguished Professor of Nutrition at Purdue University. She was one of the principal investigators of the Human Nutrition Collaborative Research Support program in Egypt concerned with the functional significance of moderate malnutrition. In other research, she has investigated functions of vitamin B-6 in developing rat brain and in human lactation and early infant behavior. She was recipient of the 1994 Led-erle Laboratories Award presented by the American Institute of Nutrition for her research in human nutrition and is a 1994 Fellow of the American Institute of Nutrition.

ISSN:0029-666X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Looking at what nutritionists do through the eyes of our customers can help improve the effectiveness of our efforts.

ISSN:0029-666X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-666X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-666X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-666X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID