摘要:

AbstractIn the eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia the yield of barley relative to wheat is influenced by soil type. Field trials studied detailed aspects of growth, development, yield and water use of a range of barley and wheat cultivars on 2 soil types at 2 locations to identify those factors that lead to the differential relative yields.Barley had greater grain yields than wheat on both fine and coarse textured soils. On both soil types barley had a greater number of mainstem leaves which appeared faster than those of wheat and this was associated with greater tillering (6.5 v. 3.5 shoots/plant), higher GAI and greater dry matter production (845 v. 804 g/ m). The difference in yield between the two species was greater on the fine textured soil (15 v. 7 %). Barley also had greater harvest index than wheat (6—15%), and this combined with greater dry matter production on the fine textured soil led to a larger yield advantage over wheat than occurred on the coarse textured soil. Water use efficiency was greater for barley than for wheat on both soils.The greater yield advantage of barley over wheat on the fine textured soil was the result of greater biomass production by barley and greater harvest index. Differences in pattern of water use, and water use efficiency of grain production were associated with greater barley yields but are not themselves considered to be the cause of relative yield differences across soil types. The possible implications of factors such as intrinsic nutrient supply on the 2 soil types in relation to observed yield differences are discusse

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1994.tb00161.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe yield of sweet corn (Zea maysL.) and seasonal evapotranspiration as affected by different amounts of irrigation water was studied in a field plot experiment during 1991 and 1992 in the Jordan Valley. Four different amounts of irrigation water were imposed with trickle irrigation on a clay soil.The different sweet corn components differed in their response to seasonal evapotranspiration. Sweet corn yields of total fresh and total oven dry matter at W3 (W3 = Eo) and W4 (W4 =1.5 EJ were significantly higher than yields at lesser water amounts (W1 = 0.25 Eoand W2 = 0.5 EJ, while good husked fresh ear yield at W4 was significantly higher than yield at W1, W2, and W3. Seasonal evapotranspiration increased in a decreasing rate as total water applied increased. Increasing total water applied more than 400 mm resulted in a negligible increase in sweet corn seasonal evapotranspiration. Crop productivity and water use index (defined as the change in crop yield per unit change in seasonal evapotranspiration) were the highest, when optimal water levels were used.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1994.tb00162.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA field experiment was carried out at four location‐years in Southwestern Quebec, Canada in 1990 and 1991, to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) application on protein, lipid, non‐structural carbohydrate (NSC), and remaining grain components concentrations of maize (Zea maysL.) grain during kernel development. Three N fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea, and calcium ammonium nitrate) were compared for plants receiving pre‐plant incorporated N fertilizer at 180 kg ha‐1as well as a control which received no N fertilizer. The results indicated that between 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) protein concentration of maize kernels declined sharply, thereafter only slightly, irrespective of the treatment. At most stages and in all four location‐years protein concentration was raised significantly by N‐application without clear difference between N‐fertilizer sources. At 20 DAP seeds of N‐fertilized plants contain 25.5 mg g‐1more than those without N‐application (control); later on, this difference was lower (12.8 mg g‐1) but remained constant over time if averaged over N‐sources and location‐years. At most growth stages and in most location‐years the lipid concentration did not respond to N fertilizer application. Lipid concentration followed an “N” shaped curve over the course of grain development. Non‐structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration increased significantly during grain filling and showed little effect due to N application. However, at most growth stages in the four location‐years, the concentration of remaining grain components tended to decline with N application. A significant negative correlation existed between the changes in protein concentration and NSC conc

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1994.tb00163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of increasing soil‐salt levels on emergence, shoot and root growth and yield composition of rapeseed were investigated. A range of electrical conductivity (EC) values in the soil solution from 2.3 dS m‐1to 10.3 dS m‐1was obtained by adding NaCl to the substrate. The emergence was significantly (P<0.05) decreased at EC values higher than 6 dS m‐1Above this value, a delay in the appearance of leaves and of the first visible internode was observed. The further increase of salinity level extended the period for siliqua formation and grain filling, and plant height, pod number and grain number per plant were lowered. However, the cultivar used showed the ability of counterbalancing for this lower grain number by increasing the seed weight, thus there were no variations on seed yield. The seed oil and protein content were also not affected by the changes in salinity. Root growth was adversely affected when salinity levels exceeded 6 dS m‐1. Beyond this value, short tuber‐like roots became remarkably frequent. This may be an adaptation mechanism of this species to saline stress; a similar reaction in rapeseed is known in adaptation to dro

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1994.tb00164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEffect of heat stress on14CO2assimilation and translocation by different parts was investigated in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea(L.) Czern.]. Heat stress reduced14CO2assimilation by leaves, stem and pods. Export of radioactive carbon from upper and lower leaves, upper and lower stem and stem of terminal raceme was inhibited in response to heat stress. Import of14C‐photosynthates into pods was also inhibited by heat stress indicating reduction in sink strength of the developing pod

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1994.tb00165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLaboratory studies were conducted to investigate the effect of salinity × temperature interactions on the germination of sorghum.Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench. Sorghum seeds were sown in petri dishes with saline solutions of varying concentrations (electrical conductivities of 0.01, 6.4, 12.2, 17.4, 22.6, 27.2, 32.1, and 37.2 dSm‐1) prepared with NaCl. The germination responses of the seeds were determined over a wide range of temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C) for a period of 8 days. Salinity × temperature interactions were highly significant at each counting date. Although, increased salinity resulted in decreased germination percentages, the detrimental effect of salinity was generally less severe at higher temperatures. Germination rate index, computed from germination counts taken every 2 days, was influenced by salinity and temperature in a similar pattern as final germination. Seed germination was more tolerant to salinity at germination temperatures of 30–40 °C than at 1

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1994.tb00166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 2‐year (1989, 1990) experiment was conducted in the Carpathian Basin near Keszthely, Hungary to evaluate the course of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations in the developing grain. Two maize hybrids were grown at four rates of N application (0, 50, 150 and 250 kg N ha‐1). Plots had been fertilized at these levels since 1983. As a result of the long‐term N treatments, stocks of P and K in the soil decreased as the rate of N application increased. As expected, concentrations of N in the mature grains were higher at high doses of N, whereas the rate of N application had little impact on the P and K concentrations in the ripe grains. Only in 1989, when grain yield showed a relatively stronger response to applications of N than in 1990, were the concentrations of P and, to a lesser extent, K reduced by additions of N. These results illustrate that P and K concentrations in the grain are well‐buffered against increments in grain yield resulting from the application of N and are also relatively insensitive to low supplies of P and K in the soil. In both hybrids, concentrations of N, P and especially K declined considerably with ongoing grain filling, irrespective of N treatment. Differences in concentrations of P and K for hybrids existed but were not consistent acros

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1994.tb00167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLodging is a serious problem in dry pea production in North‐West Europe. Therefore, lodging and its effects on yields were studied in five field‐experiments with two cultivars with two different canopy structures, both as single crop and in various mixing weight ratios. In 1985, mechanically simulated lodging decreased yield by about 45% in both the conventional type cv.Rondoand the semi‐leafless type cv.Solara, by reducing both the number of seeds and seed weight. Natural lodging brought about the same effect in‘Rondo’but in‘Solara’, however, effects were less because of delayed lodging. In 1986, 1987 and 1988, mixtures of the conventional cv.FinaleandSolarashowed delayed lodging compared to‘Finale’single and tended to produce higher yields than the single crops of both cultivars. Polynomial analysis of the yields of all mixing experiments showed maximum yields at 53%‘Solara’(quadratic analysis) or 67%‘Solara’(cubic analysis). Thus, mixing high yielding, lodging sensitive conventional cultivars with lower yielding but lodging resistant semi‐leafless cultivars ma

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1994.tb00168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book review in this articleSchuster, W. H., Die Züchtung der Sonnenblume (Helianthus annuusL.). Advances in Plant Breeding — Fortschritte der PflanzenziichtungKegler, H., und W. Friedt (Hrsg.), Resistenz von Kulturpflanzen gegen pflanzenpathogene Viren. Gustav Fischer Ve

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1994.tb00169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY