摘要:

AbstractA crop yield and soil water management simulation model (CRPSM) developed at Utah State University was modified, calibrated and tested using local weather data and field results from a trickle irrigation experiment with different mulching on watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), carried out at the University of Jordan Research Station, in the Jordan Valley.Simulated irrigation schedules were then applied with some of the four options provided by the model. The water yield index, WYI, introduced by Battikhiand Hill(1985) to select the most efficient schedule as based on yield and water use efficiency, was then determined. WYI ranged from 27 to 87. The field schedule, WM2, had a WYI of 62. Whereas, the model provided a much better schedule, WM7(WYI = 86). WM7requires 17 irrigations of 2.0 cm per irrigation totaling a water supply of 44.1 cm with an irrigation season starting on April 7 to give a yield equivalent to the potential yield, 80.0 MT/ha. On the other hand, the best field schedule, WM2under transparent mulch, required 14 irrigations to provide 45.9 cm (including rainfall and soil moisture change), with a season starting on April 28 resulted in a yield of 68.8 MT/ha. So we can see that by using the same amounts of total water supply but with different schedule we can get the potential yield. The model has, therefore, provided few better schedules that can be tested in the field at lower costs before final recommendations are made.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeedlings of three hybrids and their parental lines were analyzed for growth, and peroxidase as well as IAA oxidase activities in cytoplasmic and salt‐extracted ionically bound fractions with a view to evaluate heterosis in pearl millet. The hybrid vigour was manifested in roots and shoots of all the three hybrids clearly for growth and activities of peroxidase and IAA oxidase except the wall‐bound IAA oxidase. Either better parental or mid‐parental heterosis was discernible. The role of peroxidase and IAA oxidase systems in meristematic activity and removal of excessive auxin levels to bring about maximal growth response in the hybrids is disc

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEffect of amelioration doses of rock powder and rock sand on growth of agricultural plants and on physical characteristics of sandy and clay soilThe effect of rock powder to increase the water holding capacity and adsorption degree of sandy soil and the influence of rock sand to augment the aeration and improve the workability of clay soil were tested in pot experiments.Additions of different rock powders (Basalt, Grauwacke, Kuselit, Muschelkalk and Porphyr) from 5 to 20 weight percent to sandy soil increased the field capacity; the increase in values ranged from 12 to 23% as compared to control. An 11% increase in coarse pore volume (

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSelective postemergence herbicides to control grass weeds in broadleaf crops have become available in recent years. However, the efficacy of these new herbicides in controlling grasses in sunflower has not been extensively evaluated. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate five selective herbicides for their efficacy on crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalisL. Scop) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalliL. Beav.) control in sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) in 1983 and 1984. Commercial sunflower varieties,Interstate 7775andStauffer 3101were planted on Calloway silt loam and Portland clay in 1983 and 1984, respectively. Herbicides were applied when sunflower was 10 cm tall, at 4‐ to 5‐leaf stage, and target grass weeds at the 3‐ to 4‐leaf stage. All herbicides, sethoxydim, xylofop‐ethyl, haloxyfop, fluazifop butyl, and CGA 82725, gave good to excellent control of the target weeds. Herbicide injury to sunflower ranged from very minor to none. None of the herbicides greatly affected yield, test weight, seed weight, head diameter or plant height of sunflower. Difference in soil types tended to influence the effectiveness of h

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvestigations on the vessel structures of broad beans (Vicia fabaL.)The number of vessels was observed in the fruit bearing axes of some varieties fromVicia faba Minor, EquinaandMajorduring flowering. These investigations were also made on some F2‐ progenies of crosses fromminor×equinaandPaucijuga×Eufabaand on some topflower plants.The varieties ofMinorandEquinahad about 12 vessels on the base of the axis, these diminished to the top of the axis 3 or 4 vessels just before the last flower. The varieties ofMajorhad 12 vessels on the base of the axis too, but these diminished faster because of the smaller number of flowers on the axis. InPaucijugathe number of vessels on the base of the axis was only 3 to 4. Plants ofPaucijugahad only 2 or 3 flowers per axis.Progenies from crosses betweenMinor×Equinahad more vessels on the base of the axis, probably due to a heterotical inheritance. In progenies from crosses betweenPaucijuga×Eufabaan intermediate inheritance was found in the number of flowers per axis and in the number of vessels.Due to the investigations on a comprehensive material it is probable that the described vessel structure exists in most broad beans. This structure is complex arranged and modifyable. With this organization it is quite unprobable that the vessel structure will be a yield reducing f

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

I. AbstractThe influence of sowing dates (Oct. 21, Nov. 10, Nov. 30 and Dec. 21), weed control treatments using Brominal, Tribunil herbicides as compared to hand weeding and unweeded treatments on the yield performance of newly released spring wheat varieties (Sakha 8, Sakha 61andGiza 157was studied during 1980/81, 1981/82 and 1982/83 seasons. According to the combined analysis the results could be summarized as follows:1Sowing date had significant effect on grain yield and some other characters such as plant height, days to heading and maturity, weight of grains per spike and 1000‐grain weight. Highest grain yield was obtained when wheat was sown during Nov. Dry weight of weeds was not significantly affected by sowing date.2Differences between cultivars reached to the significant level in plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike and 1000‐grain weight.3Weed control treatments had significant effect on most studied traits. Grain yield was nearly the same when Tribunil (3.5 kg/ha), Brominal (2.4 1/ha) or hand weeding was used. Grain yield of unweed treatment decreased by 10.9%, 10.9% and 9.8% compared to the former treatments, respectively.4Data showed that Tribunil was more effective on both grassy and broad leaved weeds, however, Brominal was effective only on broad lea

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of different nutrition regimes on phosphorus (P) redistribution in maize plants, cv. LG 11, was studied. Nutrient solutions in four combinations of high and low nitrate concentrations and high and low phosphate concentrations were used to grow four different groups of plants. During the development of the plants dry weights and total P contents were measured. It was concluded that P redistribution into reproductive organs was dependent on N supply and was a consequence of N redistribution. The ratio of N and P concentrations was not equal in several parts of the plant, and was not constant during the development. In different parts of a young plant the ratio increased. As soon as redistribution of N and P started the N/P ratio decreased. The minimum N/P ratio of a mature maize plant was about 3 for leaves and 1 or 2 for roots and stems.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book Reviewed in this article:Becker, W. A., Manual of Quantitative Genetics.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY