摘要:

AbstractCorrelation between lysine, tryptophan and prolamine contents during maturation of the maize kernelChanges in the contents of total nitrogen, prolamine, tryptophan and protein bound lysine, and the relative nutritive quality of proteins were studied during the maturation of three normal maize varieties, grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions, in two successive crop years.Total nitrogen was determined according to Kjeldahl's method, prolamine by the turbidity test, lysine by Carpenter's method and tryptophan was assessed fluorometrically.A significant decrease (p = 0.01) in total nitrogen, tryptophan and bound lysine content in the dry grain matter was found in the late milk and early dough ripeness stages of the maize kernel. Parallel with the decrease in these components, the relative nutritive quality of proteins also decreased during maturation. Prolamine, which was present in the early milk stage in low quantities, increased significantly (p = 0.01) with kernel maturity, reaching the highest level in the early dough ripeness stage. During further kernel maturation no significant changes in the components studied were observed. The correlation coefficients between the contents of prolamine and total nitrogen, lysine and tryptophan, during the ripening of maize kernel were highly significant (p = 0.001): ‐0.891, ‐0.938, ‐0.856, respectively in the first crop year and –0.844, ‐0.833, ‐0.867, respectively in the secon

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00887.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwelve European and twelve tropical maize cultivars were grown in polyethylene tubes under three temperature regimes (14/12 °C, 22/20 °C; 30/28 °C). The plants were harvested when the third leaf was fully expanded. The experiments were undertaken in order to: (i) study the general response of root traits of maize seedlings to chilly, temperate and very warm conditions and (ii) find out whether and how the geographical origin of the maize material modifies the results. The results may be summarized as follows:1. The 22/20 °C temperature regime led to the highest shoot and root dry weight, the greatest total root length, the most apices and the greatest root surface area. However, the optimal temperature for these traits appeared to be either slightly higher or lower than 22/20 °C (optimal temperature for number of apices>shoot dry weight>root surface area>root dry weight).2. The shoot: root dry weight ratio was almost the same at 14/12 °C and 22/20 °C but increased significantly at 30/28 °C. The root surface area: root dry weight ratio was optimal at 22/20 °C but extremely low at 14/12 °C. The production of apices per unit root dry matter was lowest at 14/12 °C and increased steadily at higher temperatures.3. The root surface area: shoot dry weight ratio was low both at 14/12 °C and at 30/28 °C. This may indicate that mineral nutrient deficiency, as a result of undersized root systems, is most likely at extremely low and extremely high temperatures.4. Low temperatures promoted the formation of seminal roots.5. Temperature affected the dominance of the longest seminal root (= primary root). At 14/12 °C, the primary root was rather short as compared to the seminal roots of higher order. At 30/28 °C, however, the primary root was markedly longer than other seminal roots of higher order.6. At 14/12 °C, the European cultivars produced more shoot and root dry matter, generated more apices and developed greater root surface area than the tropical cultivars. At 30/28 °C, the situation was reversed. This confirms that the response to different temperatures is modified by the geographical origin of th

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00888.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been argued that the breeding of cultivars with higher weight per panicle but constant phytomass (i.e., improved harvest index) is unlikely to improve grain yield of cereals in the future. To examine this question in oats, this study observed relationships between above‐ground phytomass production and grain yield as well as 18 morphological and physiological traits representing maturity class and architecture of oat stand. The study was conducted in two dissimilar growing seasons. Material consisted of 29 Finnish and Scandinavian oat cultivars and breeding lines. Correlations between phytomass and other traits were evaluated by linear regression analysis. The study revealed that there has already been a trend toward improving the above‐ground phytomass production in cereal breeding in Finland. The phytomass elevation can be attributed to both higher panicle weight as well as increased above‐ground vegetative phytomass. Thus, improved grain yield of oats is not merely a consequence of increased harvest index, as is often mentioned, but is also a result of higher phytomass as such. The weight of the above‐ground phytomass did not correlate with undesirable traits such as plant height or susceptibility to lodging, but it did have a positive relationship with days to yellow ripening. The applicability of phytomass weight in indirect yield breeding of oats in the northern growing conditions is di

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00889.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe conversion of SO2‐4‐S and changes in content of S in various constituents in leaves of rape seedlings transplanted were investigated by using (NH4)235SO4as a tracer to exploit formation and accumulation of glucosinolates in oilseed rape. Seedlings grown under sandy culture absorbed35SO2‐4which was added to the cultural solution and incorporated into amino acids, glucosinolates and proteins rapidly. Distribution of extractable35S with 70 % methanol in glucosinolates in leaves declined with time from labelling, while those in amino acids rised correspondingly. Per cents of35S incorporated into bound form in total35S increased linearly and those of35S into glucosinolates and amino acids decreased with time within five days from labelling. After that the relative amounts of3SS in three constituents was basically constant. Content on dry weight basis of labelled glucosinolates and amino acids expressed as μmol S/g.d.w. increased linearly with time from labelling with absorption of35SO2‐4from soil by the seedlings under soil culture. Compared with seedlings grown under sandy culture, more35S was incorporated into glucosinolates in leaves of seedlings grown under soil

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00890.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a companion paper we derived the correct analysis for gerechte designs with uncorrected errors. Here we show that this correct analysis cannot be justified by the usual randomization argument. However, when the regions are rectangular there is a randomization procedure which validates an analysis with three separate error terms. We also outline other developments in design and analysis that may be more satisfactory.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00891.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractField experiment was conducted to study the effect of application of new organic manures and an hydrophilic polymer in combination with fertilizer application andAzospirilluminoculation on soil moisture content, growth and yield of rainfed sorghum. Application of enriched farm yard manure with urea mixed either 24 hours before sowing or at the time of sowing produced the highest LAI, DMP and grain yield. High soil moisture content was noticed due to incorporation of coir compost. Split application of nitrogen andAzospirilluminoculation besides increasing the LAI and DMP gave 15.2 per cent and 14.5 per cent increase in yield respectively.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00892.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEffect of monoethanolamine on yield of cropsI. Studies on the effect of monoethanolamine on the grain yield and the nitrogen household in cereal plants (pot experiments)The effect of monoethanolamine (EA, applied as foliar spray, 10 mg per pot) on grain yield and yield components was investigated in pot experiments with spring barley, winter wheat, and winter rye. Under conditions of a moderate drought stress the applied EA increased the grain yield of spring barley from 5 % to 7 % (significance only at α= 0.05). A stimulating effect of EA on the grain yield of winter wheat and winter rye was also obtained.The positive influence of EA on the grain yield of spring barley was reproducible under the conditions of a limited water supply in small‐scale plot experiments (increase of yield about 9 %).In case of spring barley and winter rye the increase of the grain yield by EA, applied at growth stage 31 (= DC 31) was connected with a greater number of ear‐bearing tillers. The increase of the winter wheat yield resulted from more grains per ear of the tillers.The enhanced formation of tiller grain mass and total tiller biomass by EA was in correlation with a higher nitrogen import into tillers (r = 0.8+). Since an export of N from the main shoots into the tillers was not observed a higher N uptake (≥ 6 %) was calculated from N balances. After a fertilization with15N‐labelled fertilizers the additional15N uptake was 13 % to 20 %.Possible stress reducing activities caused by EA are d

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00893.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEffects of chlormequat chloride (CCC), ethephon and mixtures of CCC and ethephon, applied at Zadoks growth stage (ZGS) 30 (the beginning of stem elongation) on the number of spike‐bearing shoots and their contribution to grain yields of four spring barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) cultivars were studied in 1987 and 1988 at McGill University, Quebec, Canada. The results varied between years and among cultivars. The mixtures of CCC and ethephon or ethephon alone, produced significant increases in the number of spikes m−2in cultivarsJolyandLaurier, in both years, and inLegeronly in 1988. Ethephon and ethephon containing mixtures reduced the yields ofJolyandLegerin 1988. In both years CCC had no effect on spikes m−2for all cultivars. Increases in spikes m−2were accompanied by decreases in 1000‐grain weight, and/or grains per spike, which offset or more than offset potential benefits from increased spikes m−2. These results indicate that under continental climatic conditions such as those prevalent in Quebec, Canada, application of PGRs to spring barley at ZGS 30 does not increase grain yield through an increased number of

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00894.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResistant cowpea varieties toStriga gesnerioideswere grown onstrigasick plots at Maiduguri, Northern Nigeria, in order to check their response toS. gesnerioidesin various regions in West Africa. Under field conditions all the varieties including highly resistant varieties were all attacked byStrigaat both 9 and 12 weeks after sowing. However,B‐301, Sutiva‐2, IT82D‐479‐1andIT82D‐849varieties had significantly very lowStrigainfestation compared withKVX 183‐1variety. These varieties also show higher cowpea yield compared with other highly infested varieties. But the pot experiment shows thatB‐301variety is highly‐resistant to 5.gesnerioidesas noStrigagermination was observed. Therefore, it is strongly believed that under field conditionsMerrimia emarginataa weed host ofS. gesnerioideswhich was common on the experimental site might have contributed to the presence ofS. gesnerioidesin some of the highly resistant varieti

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00895.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books Reviewed in this Article:Kleinhempel, H., K. Naumann und D. Spaar (Hrsg.): Bakterielle Erkrankungen der Kulturpflanzen.Maixner, M.: Untersuchungen zur Insektizidresistenz der Raubmilbe Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae) an Reben des Weinbaugebiets Mosel‐Saar‐Ruwer.Fabian, P.: Atmosphäre und Umwelt. Chemische Prozesse, Menschliche Eingriffe, OzonSchicht, Luftverschmutzung, Smog, Saurer Regen.Buvat, R.: Ontogeny, Cell Differentiation, and Structure of Vascular Plants.Mielke, H.: Untersuchungen zur Typhula‐Fäule unter Berücksichtigung ihrer Bekämpfung.Pestemer, W., und H. Nordmeyer: Modelluntersuchungen mit ausgewählten Pflanzenschutzmitteln im Bodenprofil im Hinblick auf die Beurteilung einer Grundwasserbelastung.Amthor, J. S.: Respiration and Crop Productivity.Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.): Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Volume 8 – Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering I.Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.): Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Volume 9 – Plant Protoplasts and Genetic

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00896.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY