摘要:

AbstractEcophysiological balance among four available prominent grassland communities (dominated with 1.Heteropogon contortus, 2. Eremopogon foveolatus, 3.Sporobolus diander, 4.Themeda quadrivalvisbesides the prominency ofDesmostachya bipinnatain all the communities) were studied by analysing their biomass structure, production and rate of litter decomposition of component taxa. These communities have different pattern of management and utilization aspect. Jhansi is geographically situated at 78°35’ E long, and 25°27’ N lat. about 275 MSL; and its climate is of tropical monsoonic. The soil at all the sites were sandy and sand percentage ranges between 59–80%. The thorough analysis reveal that in tropical monsoonic climatic situation the biomass production reached at potential level in wet situation (July‐September with moderate temperature 32°C) which gradually drops and thus reached poor biomass production under cold dry situation during February. The rhythmic situation for the presence of potential aboveground production m−2was recorded in the month of April in site IV and May in site I. Apparently poor aboveground production in the month of January in site II and December in site III was due to dormant situation of the species during this period. Similar observations recorded with litter availability. It is significant to narrate that litter decomposition rate reached from 82–99% indicating its pattern of utilization as an automatic system of

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1987.tb00104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractField experiments were conducted at the farmers field wherein Rice husk, FYM, Neem cake and Saw dust were incorporated with in the soil at 5 and 20 cm depth. The results indicates that incorporation of organic amendments have reduced the bulk density and retained higher moisture at 1/3 bar than control. As a consequence root penetration and grain yield increased considerably. The percentage increase in grain yield over control was about 30 percent under neem cake treatments.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1987.tb00105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA two year field study conducted at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India showed that for direct seeded rice (drilled in moist bed) blending of urea with nitrification inhibitor N‐Serve was the most advantageous; it gave significantly higher grain and straw yield nitrogen uptake by rice than urea super‐granules (USG), urea briquettes (UB), sulphur coated urea (SCU), neem cake coated urea (NCU) and prilled urea. USG or UB were next in order and significantly superior to SCU, NCU and prilled urea, which were equally effective. Nitrogen application to rice left a significant residual effect on succeeding wheat, but various sources of nitrogen studied did not differ significantly in this resp

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1987.tb00106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAzolla pinnataR. Brown was used as a biofertilizer for rice crop in early and late wet seasons of 1985–86.Azollaas dual crop with rice increased the grain yield significantly over uninoculated control. Incorporation ofAzollaincreased the yield components and grain yield higher than leavingAzollaon water surface without incorporation.Azollaincorporation with 90 kg nitrogen/ha recorded the highest plant height, tiller numbers/ hill, panicles/m2and 1000 grain weight and grain yield of ric

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1987.tb00107.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe factors controlling productivity (dry matter production) in a pearl millet (Pennisetum americanumL. Leeke) hybridBJ‐104and its inbred parents,J‐104and5141‐A, were investigated using the harvest interval and curve‐fitting methods. During initial stages, the hybrid showed highest total dry weight, leaf dry weight and leaf area, than the inbred lines. However, with age these differences decreased considerably. The male parent attained total dry weight almost equal to the hybrid by d 45, whereas the female parent attained it by d59.The derived growth parameters like RGR, LAR, LWR and SLA showed strong ontogenic decline. Further, considerable cultivar variations were also recorded. Importance of the growth parameters in determining productivity is discussed and it is emphasized that higher accumulation of dry matter during initial seedling stages may be an important

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1987.tb00108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLupin extract is a mixture of alkaloids, mineral salts and carbohydrates taken out in mechanical debittering of lupines by a process developed by Mittex AG. The possibility of using this extract as growth regulator, sprayed in quantities up to 60 kg/ha, or as fertilizer, dosage up to 500 kg/ha, was studied. Two years (1985, 1986) experiments have shown that if factors like plant physiological stage, N fertilization, and weather were harmonized extract spraying worked as growth regulator yielding increases of 4, 8, 18 and 23% in winter wheat, maize, soybean and potatoes, respectively. Potato yield in organic farming was even increased up to 33%. Yield increases from 6 to 38% were also registered in carrots, onion and Chinese cabbage. Application of extract as fertilizer gave still higher increases reaching as high as 17, 43 and 57 % in winter wheat, maize and cabbage, respectively. 250 kg/ha soil application of extract reduced the N fertilizer input from 180 kg/ha to 90 kg/ha along with 20 % increase in chinese cabbage yield.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1987.tb00109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe elongation rate of seminal root axes for two wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) genotypes (one gene dwarfSonalika RR‐21and three gene dwarfUP 301) grown in pots under three fluctuating soil water tension regimes of 0.3 to 0.8, 2.0 to 2.5 and 4.0 to 4.5 bars was measured throughout the growing period.Two distinct peaks were observed for both genotypes. The first peak of highest elongation rate (25.0 to 35.5 mm day−1) for both genotypes occurred during 22–28 days after planting which corresponds to the crown root initiation stage of the crop. The second lower peak (11.2 to 14.5 mm day−1) occurred during 49–60 days after planting forSonalika RR‐21but 60–72 days forUP 301.The time of occurrence of second peak corresponds to the stem elongation stage.The elongation rate of root axes differed significantly for different stages and genotypes but when considered over the whole growing season, soil water tension regimes showed no effect. Over a period of 72 days from planting, average elongation rate ranged from 11.3 to 12.7 mm day−1. The elongation rate of root axes bore no consistent relationship with either mean air or soil temperature at 5 and 15 cm depths that prevailed during cro

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1987.tb00110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEffect of different tillage practices on soil structure and nitrogen dynamic in loess soils with and without longterm application of farmyard manureField trials were conducted in 1979 and 1980 on two farms with and without longterm application of farmyard manure respectively, to study the effect of different tillage practices (ploughing at low soil moisture in summer and autumn and ploughing at highsoil moisture in autumn) on soil structure and nitrogen dynamic. Soil structure measurements showed great differences between ploughing at low and high soil moisture contents. Ploughing soil at high moisture contents caused a rise in penetrometer resistance as in bulk density and a decrease of macropors as well as in oxygen concentration in top soil and in tillage pan. But little differences were observed between ploughing in summer and autumn at low soil moisture contents.Ploughing soil at high moisture contents caused a higher soil compaction on the farm without longterm application of farmyard manure compared to the farm with longterm application of farmyard manure.The differences in soil nitrate content were strongly correlated with soil compaction. Very large differences in soil nitrate content between ploughing at low and high soil moisture contents were always observed in May, when the soil temperature was higher than 15°C These differences in soil nitrate content are due to reduced nitrogen mineralization and an increase of denitrification activity after ploughing at high soil moisture contents

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1987.tb00111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe field experiments were carried out at College of Agriculture Farm Rewa and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Kuthulia on Vertic haplurtalfs Soils, during rabi 1981–82, to study the influence of planting dates on Phenology and heat unit relationships under late sown conditions. The wheat cultivar sonalika was planted on 15 Dec., 23 Dec., 31 Dec. 1981 and 7th Jan. 82 at R.A.R.S., Kuthulia and on 16 Dec., 23 Dec., 30 Dec. 1981 and 6 Jan. 82 at College of Agriculture Farm. The results indicated that the requirement of accumulated heat units decreased with delayed planting. Besides growing degree days a unit incorporated the bright sunshine hours is also utilized (H.T.U.). A phenothermal index was also introduced (the AHU per growth day). It was nearly constant irrespective of planting dates and sites. The heat use efficiency decreased from 16.29 to 12.56 × 10−3q/ha/GDD in case of D1to D4respectively. A regression for predicting the maturity date for wheat crop using heat units accumulated upto flowering initiation for the Vindhyan region of Central India is devel

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1987.tb00112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn attempt was made to investigate the effect of water stress treatment on the components of photosynthesis and water relations of triticale (Triticale octoploide), Russian rye (Secale cereale) and wheat, (Triticum aestivumvar.Sonalika). The results revealed that there was no significant adverse effect of water stress on the photosynthesis of triticale compared to wheat and rye. The maintenance of photosynthetic productivity under water stress in triticale has been accomplished by (a) reduction in water loss by stomatal behaviour and (b) by maintenance of water uptake through continued transpirational flow. Both these mechanisms served to maintain high water potential as stress occures. This ameliorates the onset of stress and helps to maintain photosynthesis. The rye also consists of another type of adaptability to drought through significant recovery of photosynthesis and chlorophyll development on reirrigation particularly at post‐anthesis stage, when other species failed to recover. However, in wheatSonalikaboth these adaptive characteristics did not exist in such intensit

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1987.tb00113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY