摘要:

AbstractLeachates and nitrogen leakage from farmyard manure heapsLeachates from differently covered cattle manure heaps amount to 88.7–117.4 1/m3within 177 days, nitrogen leakage to 89.0–119.0 g, respectively. A total protection against precipitation with plastic foil led to the lowest quantity of leachates indeed, but not to the lowest nitrogen leakage. During the first decomposition period no rain fell, but the quantities of leachates as well as the leakage of nitrogen were highest. After 20 days (11,7% of the experimental period) already 55.0–81.3% of total leachates and 71.2‐87.0% of total nitrogen leakage were found, but only 1.7 % of the precipitate, fallen within 177 days. This clearly shows, that only the covering of manure heaps can not be sufficient either to reduce liquid leaching or nitrogen leakage signif

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00897.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRape plants were labelled by applying (NH4)235SO4to soil. Changes in content of35S in various constituents in pods and grains were determined during siliquae development to exploit formation and accumulation of glucosinolates in oilseed rape. Content of35S in glucosinolates expressed as μmol S/g.d.w. and its relative amounts in extractable forms in young siliquae were in constant level within one week after flowering, but either absolute content or relative content of35S in glucosinolates increased largely by two weeks after flowering, thereafter the distribution of extractable35S in glucosinolates of siliquae and grains increased linearly as proceeding of its development,35S in extracts of grains almost was in form of glucosinolates after 8 weeks from flowering. Amounts of both35S in glucosinolates and dry matter per pod increased linearly with time after flowering. According to the changes of amounts of35S in other constituents per pod, it could be supposed that glucosinolates accumulated in seeds might be transported from other organs together with nutrients

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00898.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo field experiments were conducted in 1985 and 1986 on the cotton cultivar,Giza 75 (Gossypiitm barbadenseL.) to determine the effect of foliar application of Pix at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 ppm on cottonseed yield, seed index, protein and oil contents and fatty acid compositions of cottonseed oil. Pix was sprayed once at 90 days or twice at 90 and 110 days from sowing date.Seed yield/plant or /ha, protein and oil yield/ha, and seed index increased due to the application of Pix compared to the control. The highest response occurred with 40 or 60 ppm Pix and with one application rather than two. The seed protein percentage increased due to Pix application, especially at 10 ppm. A slight increase in seed oil percentage was detected throughout Pix applications. The number of applications had no noticeable effect on seed protein and oil %. Application of Pix caused a general decrease in the saturated fatty acids (myristic, stearic, and palmitic), associated with an increase in the unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic). These results were confirmed bv the ratio of total unsaturated fatty acids to total saturated (TU/TS). Ten ppm Pix gave the highest TU/TS. Generally, the saturated fatty acids decreased while the unsaturated fatty acids increased with one application rather than two. Palmitic acid was the most abundant saturated fatty acid, whereas linoleic acid was the most abundant unsaturated ones.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00899.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEffect of several organic manures on the efficiency of Azospirillum lipoferumUnder greenhouse conditions, it was examined how grass mulch, farmyard manure and compost influence the efficiency ofAzospirillum lipoferumwithSorghum bicolor.The organic manures were added at 5 concentrations: 0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 dt/ha.With the exception of the highest amount the grass mulch always induced a good effect ofAzospirillumon plant yield and nutrient uptake. The application of farmyard manure or compost did not improve the growth of the inoculated plants. With farmyard manure the inoculation even lowered shoot dry weights. But in both treatments the inoculated plants showed considerably increased N and P contents. In addition to the N2fixation the inoculation withAzospirillum lipoferumapparently can increase the capacity of the sorghum plant roots to absorb P. Primarily, the organic manures create better growing conditions for the bacteria and simultaneously serve as P sources.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00900.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractYield and Qualitative Characteristics of Indian Mustard (Brassica junceaL. Czern.)Indian mustard is required as raw material for the production of mustard. In field trials, farm trials and processing tests during several years evidence could be furnished, that the cultivation of the up to now foreign crop is possible on suitable sites in central Germany. On loess soils (soil value number more than 50) in regions with milder climatic conditions the grain yields attained in using of intensive specific cultivation methods on an average of about 30 dt/hectare. The results of the field trials confirmed by average yields of 14 16 dt/hectare in agricultural practice. The best farms attained grain yields up to 25 dt/hectare. With regard to raw material with a content of allyl mustard oil of more than 1.00 % also the demands of the food processing industry could be fulfilled by all lots produced on farms (the attained content of allyl mustard oil amounted to 1.00 1.40 %).Climatic factors but also the observance of correct cultivation methods influence first of all the processing quality.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00901.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNitrate release under the following crop maize after ploughing a clover‐grass crop in springAfter ploughing a clover‐grass crop in spring, the formation of nitrate under the following crop maize, its nitrogen uptake and yield were investigated as well as the N‐mineralization in the fallow plots. As ploughing processes the variants “rotary cultivator” and “plough” were compared.Three days before ploughing 14 kg nitrate‐N/ha were found in the soil from 0 to 90 cm depth. At all sampling dates after ploughing significant higher nitrate‐N contents were analysed in the soil of the plough variant than in the rotary cultivator variant. Under maize the highest observed nitrate contents were reached at the end of July, that is 117 kg N/ha in the plough and 65 kg N/ha in the rotary cultivator variant. In the soil without plant growth the highest nitrate values were not noticed before the end of August, namely 213 and 102 kg N/ha in the plough and in the rotary cultivator variant, respectively. During the time after these maximum values the nitrate contents in the fallow plots lessened dramatically, probably implying considerable nitrogen losses.In the maize plots, however, the continual nitrogen release could obviously be used well by the plants. Under maize there was another period of intensive N‐mineralization between end of August and the beginning of October, so that the N‐contents in both soil and maize plants approximately doubled during the last 5 weeks before harvest: from 70 to 148 (“rotary cultivator”) and from 140 to 269 kg N/ha (“plough”), respectively. This is equivalent to a mineralization rate of 1.9 and 3.1 kg nitrate‐N/ha d, respectively, in the time between the end of August and the beginning of October. This nitrogen release was only expressed by the increasing N‐uptake of the maize plants, but not by a changed nitrate store in the soil.Because of the better nitrogen supply the plough variant led to a dry matter yield which was 73 % higher than in the rotary cultivator variant

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00902.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted under field conditions to evaluate reproductive abscission, seed yield and yield components of three cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.] genotypes. In the first experiment, level of abscission and yield of two cultivars,California Blackeye Pea No. 5(CA‐5) andSpeckle Purple Hull(SPH), and one experimental line (AZ‐54) were studied. In the second experiment, effect of drought stress on abscission at three nodal positions, seed yield, and yield components of CA‐5 were studied. Abscission in both experiments was determined by counting scars left by dropprd reproductive structures including floral buds, open flowers, and immature pods. Abscission of CA‐5 and AZ‐54 in the first experiment ranged between 68 and 76 % while that of SPH ranged between 86 and 89 %. CA‐5 and AZ‐54 retained two to three pods per peduncle, and SPH retained only one mature pod per peduncle. Average seed yields of SPH and AZ‐54, respectively, were 45 and 50 % of CA‐5. Drought stress in the second experiment did not affect production of floral buds Peduncle−1(average of 10) but significantly increased percent reproductive abscission and decreased pod retention of CA‐5. Abscission in the bottom two‐third nodes increased from 82 % in well‐irrigated plants to 93 % in non‐irrigated plants. This increase in abscission corresponded to nearly 60 % reduction in pod retention. The number of pods per peduncle in the bottom two‐third nodes decreased from 1.9 in well‐irrigated plants to only. 77 in non‐irrigated plants. The increase in abscission and decrease in pod retention with increasing intensity of drought was greatest in the bottom one‐third nodes. Drought stress did not affect abscission and pod retention in the top one‐third nodes. Stress also decreased peduncles plant−1, seeds pod−1, and dry matter and seed yield plant−1but did not affect seed weight and harvest index. The decrease in seed yield was largely due to reductions in pods plant−1and seeds pod−1. The reduction in the number of pods and, therefore, seed yield due to stress was because of reductions in the number of peduncles plant−1and increases in reproductive abscission. It is concluded external conditions that increase abscission beyond that

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00903.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive cultivars of sorghum viz:PU‐7, Sarokartuho, Bagdar, RedjanpurandPotobar 4–8were studied for their growth, N uptake and utilization efficiency at 5 mM N in solution culture. These cultivars differed significantly in their dry matter accumulation and relative growth rate of shoot. Differences in shoot/root of the cultivars were also notable. Markedly different mean N intake rate among the sorghum cultivars was 108 μmol g−1root dry wt. hr−1inBagdarand 53 μmol g−1root dry wt. hr−1inPU‐7andRedjanpur.Both relative accumulation rate of N and efficiency of biomass accumulation per unit N absorbed also differed appreciably amon

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00904.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour varieties, one each of triticale, wheat, rye and barley were grown in nutrient solution without and with the addition of 75 and 150 mM NaCl. Plants were exposed to salinity for two weeks and growth and ionic relations of plants were measured. Growth of four cereals varieties was affected to different degrees with salinity and shoot fresh weight/dry weight ratios decreased with increase in salt concentration in root medium. Shoots of barley variety accumulated high content of Na and Cl which were primarily due to higher rates of net ion transport from root to shoot. Higher accumulation of Na and Cl in barley variety shoot accompanied by better relative growth rates indicated plant's ability to compartmentalize ions in vacuoles.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00905.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of alteration in source‐sink ratio by defoliation and ear removal on diurnal changes in photosynthesis was examined in wheat var.Kalyansona.The photosynthesis rate was maximum during initial few hours in the forenoon and decreased towards evening. The increase in sink demand for a particular leaf by excising other sources leaves, sustained higher rate of photosynthesis during the day. On the other hand de‐eared plants where sink demand was decreased by removal of main shoot ears and all the tillers, photosynthesis rate showed a more rapid decline towards evening, although, the photosynthesis rates were more or less similar to control plants in the morning. These results indicate the influence of sink demand on sustenance of photosynthesis during the

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00906.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY