摘要:

AbstractThe observed delayed emergence and seedling development in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) planted into soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr.) residues in the field were reproduced in the greenhouse. Severity of the effects were increased as the rate of residue increased. Residues, and leachates from residues, inhibited wheat growth and reduced yields 19–29 % in the field. Shallow incorporation of residues into soil resulted in delayed emergence, thinner stands, and greatly shortened coleoptile length. Emergence was reduced more under “moderately dry” soil conditions while stunting was more pronounced under “wet” soil conditions. Residues appeared to have no direct effect on Rhizoctonia winter‐kill. Based on this research, even distribution of soybean residues across the field at harvest and deep placement of the residue should reduce these allelopathic effects on a subsequent

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFoliar fertilizers (FF) applied at the reproductive growth stage was reported to increase soybean (Glycine maxL. Merr.) yield in field trials. But yield increases have not been consistent. Field experiments were conducted on Calloway silt loam soil in 1981—1982 to determine the effect of two foliar fertilizer (FF) formulations, 16N + 4P + 4K + 1 S (Hanway) and 12 N + 4 P + 4 K + 0.5 S (Folian), and time of application, 0800‐ and 1900‐h, on the growth of seven soybean cultivars from maturity groups V, VI, and VII. Foliar fertilizers were applied at a rate of 187 L/ha−1in water by a backpack CO2pressure sprayer at R5 to R6 growth stages. Foliar fertilizers caused no crop injury (leaf burn) when applied at 1900‐h but caused moderate injury at 0800‐h, which caused a yield reduction. The most significant crop injury was caused by Hanway formulation when applied at 0800‐h. Yields were significantly reduced by FF in 1981 but not in 1982. Generally, Folian formulation treatments had higher yields than Hanway formulation treatments, but neither formulation increased yield above that of the untreated plants. The Bragg cultivar exhibited the least amount of crop injury and the most positive yield response to FF. Plant height, 100‐seed weight and lodging rates were not adversely affected by the foliar applications. Due to the general lack of consistent yield increases or in some instances yield reduction from FF applications, the formulations used cannot be recommended for use by so

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvestigations were done on six maize inbred lines of different origin and their diallel set of crosses. Seedlings grown at 14°, 22°, 30° and 38°C until three leaves stage were studied for morphological, anatomical and photosynthetic traits of leaves. These traits were screened for correlation with shoot dry weight at harvest under field conditions i) in 1981 and 1982 in North Germany, cool climate (CS); ii) 1981 in Thailand (WS). The correlation between seedling traits under controlled conditions and shoot dry weight under field conditions markedly changed after anthesis. Some few seedling traits closely correlated with biomass yield, favourably at 14° and 38°C. They mostly belonged to the morphology and anatomy of the leaves (area first leaf at 38°C, r = 0.6—0.7, all locations; depth of stomata below the epidermal surface at 38°C, r =—0.5 at CS and —0.7 at WS). In spite of significant correlations between single seedling traits and biomass yield a relyable prediction of biomass yield should best be based on a carefully chosen set of se

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA field experiment was conducted with sorghum variety CSH‐9 in kharif season of 1983 and 1984 to find out the efficiency of coated urea fertilizers over urea alone. The coated urea fertilizers used were neem cake coated urea, neem extract coated urea, coaltar coated urea, 10% didin coated urea along with ordinary urea. Four rates of urea application viz 50, 100, 125 kg N/ha were used along with control in single and split application.The dry matter yield was recorded to be higher with ordinary urea at initial growth stage of sorghum. However the coated urea fertilizers recorded more dry matter at advancing growth stages. The dry matter accumulation increased with increasing N rates. Split application of N registered higher dry matter. The grain yield was increased due to coating of fertilizers. The neem cake coated urea and 10 % didin coated urea produced highest grain yield which was about 1.5 times more over urea alone. The grain and fodder yields were increased with increasing N rates, the highest yields being with 120 kg N/ha application. N concentration in plant was decreased with advancing growth stage. The concentration, uptake and N recovery were highest with 10% didin coated urea in 1984 and with neem cake urea in 1983. Coated urea fertilizers and split application of N resulted in increasing the N use efficiency over single applicatio

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour crops, corn (Zea maysL.), sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolorL.), fodder beet (Beta vulgarisL.) and sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL.) were grown in irrigated plots at the experimental farm of the University of California, Davis, in 1980 and 1981. Six fertilizer N levels ranging from 0 to 280 kg ha−1were used to estimate the most efficient N input for each of the tested crop in terms of energy input and output analysis.Calculations of cultural energy input costs in relation to potential ethanol yield showed production requirements of: corn 30.9 GJ ha−1, sweet sorghum 30.4 GJ ha−1, fodder beet 49.4 GJ ha−1and sugarbeet 41.0 GJ ha−1. Highest average energy inputs were for liquid fuels for operations 35%, irrigation 23% and fertilizer nitrogen 19%. Fodder beet had the highest fermentable carbohydrate yield at 13.05 Mg ha−1followed by sugarbeet at 11.5 Mg ha−1. Sweet sorghum and corn yields were lower at 9.71 and 8.09 Mg ha−1, respectively. Crop production inputs of energy per liter of potential ethanol were: corn 6.42 MJL−1sweet sorghum 5.25 MJL−1, fodder beet 6.35 MJL−1and

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study was done to observe the effects of soil compaction on field bean and soybean growth in greenhouse. Plastic cylindrical tubes of 58 cm height and 12 cm diameter were filled with silty loam soil with three bulk densities i.e., low (1.25 g/cm3), medium (1.45 g/cm3) and high (1.65 g/cm3) either separately or in combination of low/medium (level 1), low/high (level 2) and medium/high (level 3) as top and sub‐soil densities.General effect of compaction was a reduction in shoot and root growth and in yield of both the legumes; probable reason seemed to be mechanical impedance. At homogeneous compaction throughout the soil profile high bulk density decreased the root dry matter from 6 to 32 % and total root length from 30 to 57% but total root volume was not much affected due to thickening of the roots. From 4 to 31% reductions were also observed in shoot dry matter. Increase in only subsoil density from medium to high (level 2) decreased shoot and root dry matters (8 to 36% and 16 to 39%, respectively) but not the total root length. Plant growth was more hampered when both top and subsoil densities were increased (level 3) but the total root length was not highly affected in the upper (0 to 20 cm) and middle (20 to 40 cm) laye

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe farmers of tropical Asia are applying neem leaves to rice fields as green manure traditionally. Neem cake blending of urea is recommended for inhibition of nitrification and increasing nitrogen use efficiency. Field experiment conducted at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, duringkharifandrabiseasons in 1984–85 with a short duration (105 days) rice cv.IR 50showed that application of fresh neem leaf at 5 t/ha or dry neem leaf 1.25 t/ha with urea resulted in higher N recovery per cent and N response ratio and gave increased grain yield compared to the yield obtained due to the application of urea alone. Besides increasing the grain yield, neem leaf application could save about 50 per cent N application and give greater net returns to the farme

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForage quality and performance of Napier and Para grass (Pennisetum purpureumandBrachiaria mutica, resp.) cut or grazed with Sahiwal and crossed cattle on upland in the Dacca district, BangladeshNapier and Para grass were compared with respect to important quality parameters for two years and in a rotational grazing experiment using 30 two‐years‐old heifers.Napier grass had a higher in‐vitro‐digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM) than Para grass. 77% of IVDOM variance was explained by the lignin contents, 88 % by lignin and ash contents. Accordingly a high correlation existed between lignin contents and IVDOM (r =−0.86; p 0,001).The estimation of starch units resulted in higher precision by including the lignin contents in the regression equations compared with crude fibre contents alone.Crude protein, crude fibre and magnesium contents were similar, while Napier grass contained substantially more P, K and Ca, but far less Na.In the grazing experiment on average of both years Napier grass produced 64 % of the plant yield of Para grass, but reached 80 % of the animal production. Of the forage offered by Napier grass and Para grass 85 and 67,5 %, respectively, was converted into animal production. Therefore the weight increase (kg/ha) produced by Napier grass amounted to 90 % of the groups grazing Para grass. Daily gain averaged over both grass species and experimental years reached 440 g/heifer in the Holstein‐Friesian group, 410 g with Sahiwal and 370 g with Je

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis experiment was conducted in metal container of 2 liters capacity in the glass house to find out the effect of different bulk densities on the movement of non‐adsorbed anion (Cl) towards the root. It is inferred from the study that at low moisture content, compaction to a certain degree can increase movement of nutrients to the root due to increase in moisture content per unit volume of soil, further increase in compaction may however affect nutrient availability to the roots. This has a far greater significance in No3movement. But from the salinity point of view, plant roots in soil containing salt will be exposed to a much higher salt concentration than that may be obtained from the analysis of the bulk soi

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe physical properties of cotton fibers for the successive age of development were studied in three different periods. Three cultivars of Egyptian and Upland cottons;Giza 75, McNair 220andTamcot H. 37, were planted at Fayoum Experiment Farm, Faculty of Agriculture in 1984 season. Fiber properties were studied on samples obtained from five successive stages of boll development in three different periods. Data obtained revealed that fibers from both Egyptian and Upland cultivars showed substantial increment in micronaire reading up to 42 days after flowering. Micronaire reading showed a trend similar to fiber maturity percentage in studied cultivars.Within each period, fibers tended to be stronger, more extensible, tougher and have higher stiffness with the increase in boll age. The rate of increment in the successive boll ages for fiber strength and elongation characters were markedly higher in the Egyptian cultivar than the American upland cultivars, especially in the younger boll ages. Fiber length was slightly affected by the environment growth conditions. However, the increase in fiber length was progressive from the age of 21 days up to the age of 35 days.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY