摘要:

AbstractPatterns of assimilation and partitioning of photosynthate and nitrogen in isogenic tall, semidwarf, and doubledwarf (Norin 10/5/Pawnee) ‘Pawnee’ hard red winter wheats (Triticum aestivumL.) were studied under controlled environmental conditions and field conditions. The objective of the investigations was to determine reasons for the advantageous harvest index associated with dwarf genes. Plants were sampled at four growth stages and separated into plant parts as they developed. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPC) and nitrate reductase (NR) activities in leaves differed among growth stages but not among isogenic lines. Fructosan in sheaths, stems, and roots increased from the soft dough stage to maturity, but differed little among the lines. Nitrogen concentrations decreased in leaf blades, stems, and roots as plants developed to the soft dough stage and then stayed nearly constant until maturity. Nitrogen in all plant parts frequently varied directly with the complement of dwarfing genes, being lowest in the tall line and highest in the doubledwarf line. The tall and semidwarf lines had significantly higher grain yield, test weight, total dry matter, spike number, and 1000‐kernel weight than the doubledwarf line under either or both experimental conditions. The dwarf lines, however, had significantly higher kernel number per spike than the tall line. Harvest index was higher for the doubledwarf line (0.58) than for the two other lines (

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNature and magnitude of genetic diversity was assessed using Mahalanobis's D2statistics and canonical analysis in 50 genotypes of soybean grown in monoculture and in association with maize. All the genotypes were grouped in 10 clusters in case of monoculture, while 8 clusters were formed for intercropping. Monoculture was more suitable environment for expressing the genetic diversity than intercrop. Some genotypes had consistently the similar clustering pattern in both the cropping systems, while others were affected by the cropping system in expressing the genetic diversity. This was confirmed by the canonical analysis. Days to flowering and maturity, seed yield/plant, plant height and 100‐seed weight were mainly responsible for genetic diversity in monoculture. Besides phenological traits, pod length and width, and seed yield/plant exerted marked influence on the genetic diversity of soybean genotypes grown in association with maize. Geographical distribution was not necessarily reflected by the genetic divergence, though some degree of relationship between geographic diversity and genetic diversity was evident under both the cropping systems. The performance of some genotypes varied from cropping system to another, while that of others remained unaffected. Breeding programmes to develop varieties suitable for sole crop, intercrop and both the cropping systems have been suggeste

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEffect of P‐deficiency in the split‐root‐system on lipoid root characteristics of rape‐seed (Brassica napusL.)The effect of partial P‐deficiency on characteristics of parts of the root system from rape‐seed (Brassica napusL.) was investigated by means of the split‐root‐technique. At 1 cm length of the seventh leaf treatments started lasting 21 days. Pots were designed with two separated chambers filled up with nutrient solutions. Both halfs of the root system lacked of P (‐/‐) or were fully fed (+/+). Additionally, one part of the root system was fully supplied while the other part was kept without P (+/‐). The root system grown at partial P‐supply revealed compensatory reactions which became evident by increased uptake of K and Ca and by higher contents and amounts of lipid‐P as compared to the P‐deficient root portion. The fatty acid composition of the major phospholipids from root tissue, phosphatidyl choline (PC) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), varied in dependence of P‐nutrition. At P‐deficiency the linoleic acid content (% 18:2) declined while the linolenic acid content (% 18:3) increased. Consequently, no change in saturation occurred. However, in PE the degree of saturation was affected distinctly. P‐deficiency caused an increase of saturation whereas full supply led to higher desaturation. The results point to relations between the intensity of nutrient uptake modulated by P‐nutrition and the amounts and characteristic

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnalytical solutions were developed to describe the nonsteady‐state transport of oxygen from the atmosphere into the soil media. These analyses are based on diffusion theory for oxygen diffusion in soils when oxygen is being consumed, either at a constant rate or consumption rate varies with time due to the biological and chemical processes occurring continuously in the soil media. The transport equations, and the initial and boundary conditions are set up to represent a field situation. Analytical solutions are obtained to calculate transient oxygen concentrations in the soil profile. The quantity of oxygen that might diffuse into the soil from atmosphere at any time, t, also can be found by using this method. Comparison with published data is made, and reasonably good agreement is obtained between oxygen concentrations at different depths and times computed from the analytical solutions and those actually measure

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDifferent indices for selection of lines grown under low and high water levels were examined from both theoretical and practical standpoints. Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum(L.) K. Schum) was planted under a sprinkler irrigation gradient in 1983 and 1984. Equations were developed for drought tolerance for both yield and forage production. Correlation coefficients were developed for yield and yield components.The equations showed that drought will generally result in decreased productivity of both grain and forage. Grain yield was found to be positively correlated with seed weight and with the number of seeds in the main head, and negatively correlated with plant height under low water level. Dry matter was positively correlated with tiller number.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe nature and extent of hybrid vigour and inbreeding depression were estimated from a diallel set of rice varieties. The seven parents and their 21 F1s and 21 F2s were grown in pots with four replications. Data were collected on four root and two shoot characters.Maximum heterosis was recorded for root weight followed by roots/plant and root length. The inbreeding depression did not significantly affect the dry root weight in majority of the crosses. Heterosis for shoot weight was found to be associated with the heterosis for roots/plant and root weight.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSoil salinity is the serious problem of the arid and semi‐arid tracts of the world. It causes great losses to agriculture by lowering the yields of various crops. However, such soil may be utilized either after reclaimation or by growing tolerant plant species. The degree of salt tolerance varies not only with plant species but the different varieties of the same species show variation in salt tolerance. Germination and seedling stages have a bearing on plant development at later stages of growth and ultimately crop yield. Therefore, in the present investigation, twelve varieties of oats viz.,Colabagh, Kent, JHO‐801, JHO‐802, JHO‐810, JHO‐815, JHO‐816, S‐3021, S‐2688, Chauripatti, UPO‐201andSierrawere tested for their relative salt tolerance to increasing levels of salinity in those combination of salts which nearly exist in the natural salt affected soils. Seeds were sown in petri dishes and were exposed to five salinity (40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 me/L. of salts) levels. The germination percentage, root and shoot length and dry weight of the seedlings decreased with increase in salinity. In general, varietiesJHO‐815, JHO‐802, JHO‐816andUPO‐201were found to be more tolerant at germin

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe path coefficient analysis was employed to determine the contribution of boll number per plant, boll weight and seed index characters to the variation in seed‐cotton yield per plant, in the American and Egyptian cotton varieties; McNair 220 and Giza 75 respectively. Data obtained from yield trials carried out at Fayoum Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, in two growing seasons, 1982 and 1983, were used in this analysis.It was found that boll number per plant had the greatest contribution to seed cotton yield in both American and Egyptian cotton varieties. Selection for number of bolls/plant and boll weight in American Upland cotton accounts for about 75% of the yield. While in Egyptian cotton, number of bolls/plant and boll weight account for about 60% only of yield.The arrangement of the components contributing to plant yield, according to their relative importance in McNair 220 variety was:(1) The direct effect of bolls/plant. (2) The direct effect of boll weight. (3) The joint effect of number of bolls with boll weight. While in Giza 75 variety the arrangement was as follows:(1) The direct effect of number of bolls per plant. (2) The joint effect of number of bolls with boll weight. (3) The direct effect of boll weigh

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of hybrid (BJ 104, MBH 110, CM 46 and GHB 27) and composites (PSB 3, PSB 8, WCC 75 and Local) of pearl‐millet on the soils (pH 7.1, Organic carbon 0.5 %, P2O59.6 kg/ha, K2O 80 kg/ha, soil depth 65 cm and profile moisture 8.6 cm) of Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi under extreme drought condition (340 mm total precipitation during the crop season). It was observed that hybrids, by and large, gave higher production than composites and local variety even failed to bloom. Further the highest yield from hybrid MBH 110 was due to its drought escaping character (earliness), drought enduring capacity (CSI‐12), efficient translocation and better sink strength. BJ 104 and CM 46, though were also drought escaping and possessed capacity to endure drought but inferior to MBH 110 in sink strength which was ultimately reflected in production.An appraisal of the various agro‐physiological traits revealed that earliness, high harvest index, low CSI value (chlorophyll stability index) and high sink strength were directly correlated with productivity of cultivars under drought condition which could be used as a guide lines for breeding drought resistant cultivars of pearl m

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book Reviewed in this article:Hau, B., Epidemiologische Simulatoren als Instrument der Systemanalyse mit besonderer Berücksichtigung eines Modells des Gerstenmehltaus.Bommer, D. F. R., B. R. Sabey, G. W. Thomas, Y. Vaadia, L. D. Van Vleck; coordinating editor: B. Yaron, Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences.Stegemann, H., und D. Schnick: Index 1985 Europaischer Kartoffelsorten. Kommis‐sionsverlag Paul PareyHackel, H., Meteorologie. Verlag Eugen UlmerRaeburn, J. R., Agriculture – Foundations, Principles and Developments.Rid, H., Das Buch vom Boden.Klenin, N. I., I. F. Popov, V. A. Sakun, Agricultural Machines.Borriss, H., und E. Libbert, Pflanzenphysiologie.Buschmann, C. und K. Grumbach, Physiologie der Photosynthese.Kolloquium Integrierter Pflanzenschutz im Kohlanbau. Kommissionsverlag Paul Parey.Köhler, W., G. Schachtel und P. Voleske, Biom

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1986.tb00019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY