摘要:

AbstractInvestigations about the effect of ammonium‐ and nitrate nutrition on the formation of yield and protein of oats genotypesThe formation of yield and proteins of three different oats genotypes (cv.Gambo, Flämingskrone, Caesar) in dependence on ammonium or nitrate nutrition was investigated in pot trials over 2 years (from 1982 to 1983). On oats the NH4‐nutrition showed in comparison to NO3nutrition increases in grain yield up to 20 % due to a favourable influence on the number of panicles per pot (s. Fig. 1).Protein content and protein yield increased particularly by high fertilizing with NH4‐N (N3‐ and Invariant); the best effect was ascertained by the N4‐variant increase of 4 % (D.M.). Among the protein fractions (albumins, globulins, prolamins, glutelins) the albumin‐ and prolamin‐proteins increased after NH4‐fertilizing by 1–2 %, whereas at the same time the glutelins decreased by 1–4 %; the globulins s

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1988.tb00624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnalysis of growth and yield of watermelon in relation to irrigation and N fertilization carried out at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, during 1983–84 and 1984–85 indicated that frequent irrigations when the soil matric potential at 15 cm depth reached ‐25 kPa resulted in maximum dry matter accumulation and distribution, leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR) and crop growth rate (CGR) leading to higher fruit yield as compared to irrigations at ‐50 and ‐75 kPa. Imposing a stress of ‐75 kPa either during pre‐flowering or flowering or fruit development phase adversely affected various growth parameters resulting in reduced yield as compared to that irrigated uniformly at ‐25 kPa. Increasing levels of N fertilization increased the dry matter accumulation and distribution through higher LAI, LAD and CGR and contributed larger proportion of the dry matter to fruits resulting in hig

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1988.tb00625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of alteration in source‐sink ratio by deflowering and defoliation technique on photosynthesis rate was examined in mungbean (Vigna radiata[L.] Wilczek) var.PS 16.Deflowered plants where sink demand was decreased, maintained a higher rate of photosynthesis in spite of their higher starch content in the leaves. This treatment also increased the partitioning of assimilates to leaves, stem, roots and nodules indicating the existence of alternative sink capacity. The higher rate of photosynthesis of deflowered plants was associated initially with lower stomatal diffusive resistance and subsequently with higher leaf nitrogen content. Increase in sink demand for a particular leaf by excising other source leaves also increased the rate of photosynthesis. These results are discussed in relation to possible regulation through hormone

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1988.tb00626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTreatment of herbicides (Treflan and Lorox) and nematicides (Nemacur and Temik) and various combinations of these pesticides onEssexandRansomin the field to control weeds and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) have produced significantly more abnormal seedling establishment, more number of pods and nodules per plant, and lesser field population of SCN. The differences in performance ofEssexandRansomwith respect to SCN control with corresponding yield increases or decreases from pesticide treatments may have been due to the cultivar's different degree of susceptibility to SCN infestations and to their specific genetic make‐up. The recommended nematicides for the control of SCN with corresponding yield increases inEssexwere Temik and Nemacur and the recommended nematicide‐herbicide combinations were Temik‐Treflan and Temik‐Lorox. The recommended nematicide for the control of SCN in cultivarRansomwas Temik. Bean yields were not affected by the application of pes

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1988.tb00627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a pulse chase experiment, seedlings of mung beans were loaded with radio‐active isotope (22Na) in 50 mM NaCl solution for 4 days. Individual seedlings were transferred to non‐labelled salt solution and the retranslocation of sodium was studied over a period of one week. Growth of seedlings was also studied during this period. Net loss of sodium was observed from roots and stem to the root medium. The leaves accumulated some of the retranslocated sodium as well. The rates of sodium retranslocation and other relevant data are discussed in this pa

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1988.tb00628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo field experiments were carried out during 1984 and 1985 seasons at the Farm of Shandaweel Agric. Res. Station, A. R. C, Ministry of Agric. (Egypt), to study the effect of five herbicides applied as a single or in tank mixtures as well as hoeing treatment on sesame plants and dominated annual weeds under Upper Egypt growing conditions. The herbicides alachlor at 2.304, pendimethalin at 2.040, linuron at 1.200, diuron at 0.960 and prometryn at 1.920 kg a.i./ha were applied preemergence as a single herbicides, as well as alachlor and pendimethalin combined with linuron, diuron or prometryn at the same rates. Two checks were included, one was left without weed removal, while the other was hand‐hoed.Pendimethalin at 2.040 applied alone or in mixtures with linuron at 1.200 or with diuron at 0.960 kg a.i./ha gave the best grass weed control, while excellent effectiveness against annual broad‐leaves was obtained by linuron at 1,200 and diuron at 0.960 kg a.i./ha alone or in mixtures with pendimethalin at 2.040 kg a.i./ha. Whereas, pendimithalin at 2.040 applied alone or in tank mixtures with linuron at 1.200 or with diuron at 0.960 kg a.i./ha gave the best control for total annual weeds and higher seed yield of sesame as well as other yield contributing charact

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1988.tb00629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInteractive effect of NaCl salinity and putrescine on shoot growth, ion (Na+, K+and CI−) concentration in leaf, stem and inflorescence and yield of rice(Oryza sativaL. var.GR‐3)were studied. When rice plants were subjected to salt stress (12 dS/m) the extension growth and dry weight of shoot system as well as total leaf area and chlorophyll content were found markedly reduced. Analysis of leaf, stem and inflorescence of salt‐stressed plants showed higher concentration of Na+and Cl ions and lower concentration of K+ion compared to the control. Salinization also caused a considerable fall in grain yield.Foliar application of putrescine (10−5M) significantly increased the growth and yield of salt‐stressed plants. Putrescine treatment decreased the influx of Na+and Cl−ions and increased the K+level in all the tissues of salinized plants examined. Putrescine also increased the chlorophyll content in salt‐stressed plants. These results suggest that exogenous application of putrescine can be used successfully to ameliorate the stress injuries caused by NaCl salinity in rice plants to a consid

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1988.tb00630.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGrain yield and yield components were studied in wheat and barley grown in pure and 2:1,1 : 1 and 1 : 2 mixed stands (Wheat : barley row ratio) as well as a 1 : 1 seed blend mixture under dryland agriculture conditions of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Wheat as well as barley produced significantly longer and more ears/m and higher grain yield in mixed stands than in their pure stands. The 2 : 1 wheat : barley mixed stand gave the highest grain yield; 35 % relative yield advantage over mid‐monoculture yield. The 1 : 1 seed blend mixture was inferior to 1 : 1 (Wheat : barley row ratio) mixed stan

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1988.tb00631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe transport and distribution of14C‐sucrose and14C‐BA were studied in internode segments with ear of two winter wheat cultivars with a different mass of kernels in the period of kernel formation. WhileMC‐sucrose was transported and accumulated intensively in the developing ear,14C‐BA was transported much less and only a small part of it was found in the ear. With the ear development the accumulation of both14C‐sucrose and14C‐BA in the ear increased but the14C‐BA distribution pattern (ratio of the internode/kernel and the rest of the ear) did not change significantly. In the period of one to two weeks after anthesis the accumulation of14C‐sucrose and14C‐BA was higher in the kernels of theSlaviacv., i.e. in the cultivar with a highe

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1988.tb00632.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCaryopses of maize cultivars of different origin were used for germination experiments. During the phase of germination the moisture supply was changed, so that after an initial soaking the kernels were desiccated. Finally the inbibition/dehydration treatments were followed by soaking the kernels to allow seedling growth. This experimental design mirrors natural conditions (in subtropical/tropical climates) which are characterized by short rain and drought periods during the sowing of maize.The maize cultivars were chosen from German and Thai hybrids and open pollinated varieties. In the treatments, the initial imbibitions were 24, 36, 48 and 60 hours; the dehydration periods were 24 and 48 hours. Percentage of regermination, radicle length, number of mesocotyl roots, root and shoot dry weights, were measured as indicative features for evaluation of the resistance against changing moisture content of the kernels during the germination phase.The results show, that a duration of 36 hours of imbibition describes in general the dehydration‐insensitive phase. Dehydration after imbibition periods of 24 (or 48) hours very often lead to a growth acceleration in the following germination after the kernels are imbibed again. If the germination proceeds for a longer period, as tested for 48 or 60 hours, all maize cultivars will show detrimental effects of dehydration on germination and seedling growth. However, there are distinct differences within the material tested, the Thai cultivars being more resistant than German hybrids. The reactions may be explained by differences in the rate of development during the first phase of germination. Slowly germinating genotypes probably pass later the border line from the insensitive to the sensitive phase against dehydration after an initial imbibition of the kernel

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1988.tb00633.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY