摘要:

AbstractGenotypic variability among linseed cvs.Neelum, Garima, SubhraandLocalwas studied by subjecting the plants, throughout the growing season to salt stress (10 to 25 ESP) treatments induced by NaHCO3. General reduction in growth, leaf growth and biomass production (mg plant−1) was observed in all cultivars with increasing sodicity levels. Cultivars interaction responses varied significantly at 25 ESP level. Stress decreased total nitrogen, protein, RNA, DNA and chlorophyll contents in leaves however, proline accumulated in all cultivars. It was further observed that overall effect of salt stress was more pronounced at 60 DAS and beyond 20 ESP level. In general, varietyNeelumwas found to be more tolerant to sodicity than other cultivars at different stages of plant growth.It is therefore, concluded that at milder sodicity (up to 15 ESP) any variety of linseed may be grown but beyond 15 ESP onlyNeelumshould be recommended for general cultivatio

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00927.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDelaying harvest ofP988from the boot stage to the maturity stage significantly reduced 1) forage greenchop yield ofP988grown onStriga‐ infested soil at 1st and 3rd harvest of July sowing and at 3rd harvest of October sowing, 2) root dry weight ofP988grown onStriga‐infested soil at 3rd harvest of July and October sowing, and 3) forage sucrose ofP988grown onStriga‐infested soil at 3rd harvest of July sowing and at 1st and 3rd harvest of October sowing. Reductions in forage greenchop yield ofP988with successive harvests were accelerated byStrigainfestations. The root dry weight was significantly greater fromP988plants grown from small compared to large seed. Delaying harvest ofP988to the maturity stage was associated with significant increases in number of openStrigaflowers at 1st and 2nd harvest from October planting and inStrigashoot dry weight at 1st harvest of July and 1st and 2nd harvest of October planting. These increases were positively correlated with forage sucrose ofP988.Results suggest that optimal forage greenchop yield onStriga‐infested soil may be obtained fromP988plants grown from small seed and harvested at the boo

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00928.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSix wheat (Triticurn aestivumL.) and ten triticale (xTriticosecaleWittmack) cultivars were screened for water stress tolerance during germination and seedling stages in the laboratory and growth chamber, respectively. Germinating seeds and hydroponically‐grown seedlings were subjected to osmotic stresses of –0.3 and –0.6 MPa using polyethylene glycol M. W. 8000. Both species and cultivar differences were found among the tested genotypes for all the parameters analyzed in both germination and seedling tests. Germination stress index was lower for seed exposed to ‐0.6 MPa than for ‐0.3 MPa osmotic stress. A significant relationship was found among plant height, fresh weight and dry weight stress indices evaluated during the seedling test. The cultivars that grew taller under stress conditions had greater dry matter accumulation, as well as higher germination and water uptake stress indices indicating the reliability of height to predict cultivar performance under such conditions. The cultivarsStacy(wheat) andEu 14/15(triticale) had higher dry matter accumulation, higher water uptake and leaf water potential, greater height and better germination under stress conditions than the other cultivars tested. Conversely, the cultivarsGA 781014(wheat) andAm 4147(triticale) performed poorly with respect to all the parameters analyzed. Based on results from germination and seedling tests, the cultivarsStacyandEu 14/15were selected for more stress studies in the greenhouse

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00929.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of exposure in the vegetative phase of growth to 5‐ or 10‐day spells of soil drought (30% field water capacity) on assimilation, dissimilation and accumulation of14C and on dry matter growth were studied in two maize hybrids, nos. 8344 and 8388 (Garst Seed Co.) of high and low drought tolerance. Under control water regime in soil there was no difference in14CO2uptake and dry matter growth between hybrids. After five days of drought14CO2assimilation dropped by about 75% referred to unit weight of dry matter in hybrid 8344 and by 56% in hybrid 8388. After 10 days of drought14CO2assimilation rate was reduced by 75% in both hybrids. Soil drought increased the14C dissimilation. There were no significant differences between hybrids in all treatments, with the exception of 5 days drought; after this treatment the dissimilation rate of hybrid 8344 was higher than that of 8388. Changes of translocation of14C and its accumulation in particular organs occurred in drought treated plants; the amount of14C accumulated in roots of plants of hybrid 8344 increased, while that of hybrid 8388 decreased. Changes of14C accumulation in roots were positively correlated to changes of dry matter of those organs. One day after 10 days of drought assimilation and dissimilation rates in both hybrids were about 60% of contr

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00930.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a two years field study on effect of irrigation at vegetative and flowering stages occurring at 40 and 60 days after sowing, respectively alongwith straw mulch ca. 5 t/ha were found to have beneficial effect on growth, yield attributes and seed yield of horsegram (Dolichos biflorusRoxb.). Application of mulches significantly increased pods/plants, seeds/pod, test weight and seed yield and maintained better soil moisture during crop growth in semi‐arid lateritic region of Indian sub‐tropics. Mulches proved useful to conserve more moisture in soil profile and thereby increased the water use efficiency of the crop; straw mulch was found superior to leaf mu

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00931.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNitrogen fertilization and water management are the most important agronomic factors in determining the yield and milling quality of rice. Yet little information is available on the effect of nitrogen and time of drainage on the uniformity of rice grain development on a panicle. The objectives of this study are 1) to evaluate the effect of nitrogen application on the uniformity of grain development on a panicle, and 2) to determine the combined effect of time of drainage and nitrogen application on rice yield and milling quality. Results show that nitrogen has a significant effect on grain filling characteristics. Nitrogen reduces grain filling rate, increases duration of grain filling, increases tiller numbers and decreases grain weight. The time of drainage is critical to the recovery of head rice. Generally speaking, late drainage tends to increase the head rice recovery, and its impact on rice milling quality is increased with an increased rate of nitrogen application.

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00932.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of N fertilizer rates and time of N application on plant growth, N %, N uptake, smut index and yield response of corn were investigated in the field during the summer seasons 1988 and 1989. Increasing N rate from 30 to 60 and/or 90 kg/acre produced greater response on the studied parameters, followed by a limited response at 120 kg N/acre. Opposite results were detected on yield losses, owing to the severity of smut infection. Single application of N at planting was the least productive for DM and grain yields, compared with 2‐split or 3‐split N treatments. On the other hand, splitting N application at planting and 16‐leaf growth stages produced limited smut infection with greater increase in grain yield and lowest DM and N accumulations. The results also showed that 3‐split N treatment acted to accelerate the vigour growth and N uptake to a greater extent, creating more favourable conditions for stimulating smut infection, with an attendant increase on yield losses. Because of the advantage of applying 90 kg N/acre over the N treatments on the measured parameters, with particular reference to yield potential and smut performance, attention was given to splitting N fertilizer at planting and 16‐leaf grow

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00933.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the light of growing governmental support in west Asia and north Africa for policies which either discourage cereal monoculture or encourage fallow replacement by farmers, two experiments were conducted in northern Syria. These were designed to evaluate and quantify the effect of agronomic interventions on the productivity and nitrogen content of legume hays, and the subsequent residual effects of these interventions on the yield and nitrogen content of a following barley crop. Quantitative estimates of the residual effects of legume hays, when grown under rainfed conditions, on the N uptake of barley are rarely available for the region at large.The major management effects on the productivity of legume hays were the addition of phosphate fertilizer and a reduction in row spacing. Positive residual effects on the yields of following barley crops were shown to be small but not insignificant. They could be considered to be important influences in the sustained production of barley in legume hay‐barley crop rotations.It is suggested that the results give further positive evidence that farmers in west Asia will not resist the introduction of improved crop rotations including legumes in place of their current fallow‐barley or continuous barley crop sequen

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00934.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books Reviewed in this Article:Stewart, B. A. (ed.): Advances in Soil ScienceVol. 14.Glatzle, A.: Weidewirtschaft in den Tropen und Subtropen.47. Deutsche Pflanzenschutz‐Tagung in Berlin 1.–5. Oktober 1990.Singh, R. P., J. F. Parr, and B. A. Stewart (eds.): Dryland Agriculture: Strategies for Sustainability.Krüger, W., und J. B. Speakman: Fruchtfolgeuntersuchungen über die Wurzel‐ und Halmbasisfäule bei Weizen sowie die Wurzelfäule bei Mais.Lahmann, E.: Luftverunreinigung – Luftreinhaltung. Eine Einführung in ein interdisziplinäres Wissen

ISSN:0931-2250    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1991.tb00935.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY