摘要:

The rates of weight gain and urea kinetics were measured in 12 children receiving one of two energy dense, isonitrogenous formulae (711 kJ/kg/day, 170 kcal/kg/day) during recovery from severe undernutrition. Both formulations contained added arachis oil but in one a source of complex carbohydrate was added in the form of pectin (3.4% of total energy). The children taking the pectin diet had a rate of weight gain which was highly significantly less (7 g/kg/day) than the children not receiving pectin (14 g/kg/day). Urea production was significantly less on the pectin diet (0.37 ± 0.07 vs 0.55 ± 0.18 gN/kg/day). On the pectin diet there was a reduction in the rate of excretion of urea in urine and in the rate at which urea nitrogen was salvaged by the lower bowel, but these differences failed to reach statistical significanc

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The nutritional status of children with cow's milk allergy was followed during an elimination diet in 19 children (9 boys and 10 girls) beginning at the mean age of two years (range 0.6‐4.1 years). The cow's milk allergy had been verified in hospital by a challenge test at a mean age of 0.9 years (range 0.2‐1.9 years). Weight, height and laboratory indices to test protein, mineral and vitamin status were measured at three follow‐up visits at three‐month intervals. In addition to cow's milk allergy all these children had some other food allergies, and six of the 19 children were allergic to soy protein. Only two of the 19 children were given a soy‐based formula. In the diets of the other children, cow's milk was replaced by increasing amounts of other foodstuffs and supplementary calcium. At the beginning of the study the relative heights of the children were slightly retarded (– 0.6 SD) and remained unchanged during follow‐up (– 0.8 SD at the end of the study). The relative weights were found to be decreased during follow‐up (p<0.05). There was a significant reduction in serum prealbumin values; eight of the 19 children showed abnormally low values. Low serum zinc values were seen in 12 children. Serum iron concentration was low in two children and two had high serum alkaline phosphatase values. Seven‐day food recording indicated that dietary intake of energy was below the recommendation in some children, but protein intake was high. Some children had low intakes of riboflavin. Correlations between dietary intake and nutritional status were not seen in the children with cow's milk allergy. Careful follow‐up of children with cow's milk allergy is indicated and should include the monitoring of relative height and weight, serum prealbumin, serum trace elements and individu

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cystic fibrosis is the most common, severe, inherited disease in the Caucasian population. As a consequence, the demand for genetic counselling of patients with cystic fibrosis and their families is large. In Denmark the incidence of cystic fibrosis is 1: 4700, which is quite low compared to other European countries. We have investigated 268 Danish cystic fibrosis patients with respect to DNA markers (haplotypes) and the most common mutation Δ F508. The Δ F508 mutation is found on 88% of all cystic fibrosis chromosomes, the highest frequency reported so far. This has had an important impact on genetic counselling, prenatal diagnosis and eventually population screening. In the Danish population 78% of all couples at risk will be informative for Δ F508 and will be identifiable by simple screening metho

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eight of nine Norwegian 16‐year‐old males with cystic fibrosis, and six age‐matched, physically active controls were included in an eight‐year follow‐up study, involving pulmonary and bicycle exercise testing. The individual's level of regular physical exercise was registered, and we investigated whether or not this could be correlated to changes in clinical status, lung function and maximal oxygen uptake. Four males with cystic fibrosis trained regularly for 4‐7 h weekly, while the other four patients did no regular exercise. Three of the latter died during the study, and the fourth male in the non‐training group deteriorated significantly during the study period of eight years. The four males in the training group showed improvement in lung function parameters and maximal oxygen uptake, but two of them had more marked obstructive lung disease after the age of 24 years. Even though the sample was small, and several other factors may influence the results, the study indicates that regular physical exercise has beneficial long‐term effects on clinical status, lung function and physical fitness in adolescent cystic

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12288.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Osteoporosis is a common finding in Turner's syndrome. To test the hypothesis that calcitonin deficiency may contribute to bone mineral loss in Turner's syndrome, we studied basal and calciumstimulated (2 mg/kg body weight in 5 min) levels of total calcitonin, extractable calcitonin and katacalcin in 15 girls with Turner's syndrome and osteoporosis. Fifteen age‐matched healthy girls were studied as controls. Both basal calcitonin (total and extractable) and katacalcin values were not significantly different in patients with Turner's syndrome in comparison with those of the controls. The calcium stimulation test showed a similar “C” cell secretory reserve in both groups. The calculation of ΔCT/ΔiCa of total and extractable calcitonin and ΔKC/ΔiCa, which accounts for individual variations in serum ionized calcium increases, did not show any significant difference between girls with Turner's syndrome and controls. We conclude that calcitonin deficiency is not a causative factor of osteoporosis in girls with Turner's syndrome and that in this syndrome long‐life estrogen deficiency does not impair “C” cell sec

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12289.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nineteen infants who were graduates from special care baby units underwent two overnight tape recordings of oxygen saturation (SaO2) and breathing movements; one during an upper (n= 12) or lower (n=7) respiratory tract infection and the other when free of infection. Baseline SaO2was lower during infection (median 99.6 vs 100%,p<0.01), with four patients having values (84.3‐95.5%) below the normal lower limit for full‐term infants (97%). The median number of apnoeic pauses was also lower during respiratory tract infection (4.7 vs 15.7/h,p0.05), with the exception of one patient who had extremely increased values during infection for both apnoeic pauses (63/h) and desaturations (112/h). No infant, however, was considered clinically hypoxaemic. Clinically unsuspected hypoxaemia may thus occur during respiratory tract infection in a proportion of infants graduating from special care baby units. Such hypoxacmia may have potentially deleterious ef

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12290.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In adults, intense staphylococcal skin colonization and hyperactivity of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) oxidative metabolism are characteristic features of atopic dermatitis. Precise data on childhood atopic dermatitis are lacking. In a prospective study we analysed the PMN chemiluminescence activity with special reference to staphylococcal stimuli in 19 children (mean age 6.2 years) with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis.Staphylococcus aureuswas isolated from 17/19 (90%) of children with atopic dermatitis and 13/45 (29%) of healthy age‐matched controls (p<0.001). The mean (SEM) chemiluminescence activity of unstimulated atopic dermatitis‐PMN was 0.34 (0.009) (controls: 0.092 (0.003) × 106cpm/106PMN/min (p<0.02). Staphylococcal antigens (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus) induced a 1.9‐3.1‐fold higher peak chemiluminescence response in children with atopic dermatitis than in controls (p<0.05). The time interval until peak chemiluminescence activity was considerably shorter for all stimuli in atopic dermatitis. We conclude that PMN of children with atopic dermatitis are “primed”, showing enhanced release of reactive oxygen metabolites even in the “resting” state, and are easily stimulated by staphylococcal antigens present on the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis from early childhood on. We speculate that PMN hyperreactivity may contribute to chronic skin damage in a

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12291.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Immunological evaluations were performed in 59 children with at least five episodes of parotid swelling. Autoantibody(ies) was transiently or persistently detected in 12 (20%) of 59 patients with recurrent parotitis. Three of the 12 children with autoantibodies were diagnosed as having Sjögren's syndrome. The mean age at onset of parotid swelling in Sjögren's syndrome was significantly higher than that of recurrent parotitis of unknown etiology. The present study and the review of the literature suggest that patients with the onset of parotid swelling at age five years or over deserve screening for underlying systemic immune disorder

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12292.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of smoke exposure via mothers' milk and/or via passive smoking during the first year of life were investigated in a prospective longitudinal matched‐pair study. The somatic and mental development of 69 infants whose mothers smoked more than five cigarettes per day throughout pregnancy and continued smoking after childbirth were compared with 69 children of non‐smoking mothers. At birth, mean body weight of neonates from smoking mothers was significantly lower than the weight of neonates from non‐smoking mothers. This weight difference between the two groups was no longer significant in infants at 12 months of age. With the methods employed by the authors, neither psychomotor nor mental development was affected by smoke exposure during pregnancy and early infancy. Infections of the lower respiratory tract were more frequent in the children of smoking mothers. These mothers weaned their babies earlier than non‐smokers, but the different feeding behaviour did not influence any of the clinical parameters that were investigated in this study. In order to evaluate the extent of smoke exposure, cotinine was measured in children's urine and in breast milk once a month throughout the first year of life. Cotinine in the urine was significantly dependent on feeding behaviour: infants breast fed showed concentrations 10‐fold higher than those who were bottle fed. Cotinine excretion in urine of infants from smoking mothers, who were not breast fed (nicotine exposure via passive smoking only) was even higher than that of adult passive smokers. If infants from smoking mothers were breast fed, their urinary cotinine excretion was in the range of adult smokers. During the nursing period a clear‐cut effect of mother's nicotine consumption on cotinine excretion of the infants could be demonstrated which was no longer discernible af

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12293.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12294.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY