ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09884.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The histocompatibility antigens of one hundred patients with a severe form of cow's milk allergy were studied. HLA‐A and B locus antigens were identified in all patients, C locus antigens in 62 patients and DR locus antigens in 41 patients. The A, B and C locus antigen frequencies were compared with those of healthy blood donors, and DR locus antigen frequencies with those of healthy unrelated volunteers and cadaver kidney donors. The series included six patients with concomitant coeliac disease, who were treated as a separate group. No statistically significant differences between the patients and controls were observed, but suggestive differences became apparent when the patient group was divided into subgroups according to the presence or absence of certain co‐existing conditions, and the severity of the initially observed intestinal lesion. It is concluded that several factors contribute to the pathogenesis of intestinal cow's milk allergy, and that in some cases genes linked to the HLA region may play a r

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A study of the dynamic regulation of cerebral circulation and its metabolic regulation in hyperoxia in healthy mature infants has shown that dynamic regulation acquires some features that are typical of healthy adults by the second day of life. Hyperoxia on the first day after birth does not influence the volumetric parameters of cerebral circulation, but on subsequent days it results in their noticeable decrease. Thus, in healthy mature infants the development of dynamic regulation of cerebral circulation and its metabolic regulation occurs on the first day of life.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bell, E. F. and Oh, W. (Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, and the Program in Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA). Water requirement of premature newborn infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 305: 21–26, 1983.—Two groups of studies related to the water requirement of premature infants are reviewed. The first examined the effects of several environmental factors on insensible water loss (IWL) and oxygen consumption of 20 low‐birth‐weight infants. Incubator air temperature above the neutral zone increased IWL, as did the use of a radiant heat source instead of a conventional incubator. A plastic heat shield slightly reduced IWL of infants in incubators. The second group of studies examined the effects of excess water intake in premature infants. 170 infants were randomly assigned to receive “low” (average estimated requirement for birth weight and age) or “high” (excess) volume water intake. The high‐volume group became dehydrated less often but had a greater incidence of patent ductus arteriosus and necrotiz

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09854.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.We compared anterior cerebral pulsatility index (ACPI), anterior cerebral mean flow velocity (ACMFV), common carotid pulsatility index (CPI) and common carotid mean flow velocity (CMFV) in three groups of preterm infants with birth‐weights less than 1500 grams: 6 without evidence of PDA (group A), 6 with PDA treated with fluid restriction, diuretics or digoxin (group B) and 6 with surgical ligation of PDA (group C). Infants were assessed in three time periods: the first four days of life, five days before surgical ligation and five days post‐ligation. Analyses of variance showed no significant differences in the three groups for the four measures in time 1. In time 2, ACPI was 0.61 for group A, 0.58 for group B, 0.78 for group C (p<0.01). ACMFV was 9.22 for group A, 7.71 for group B, 6.37 for group C (p<0.05). CPI was 0.84 for group A, 0.83 for group B, 0.90 for group C (NS); CMFV was 7.80 for group A, 5.63 for group B, 4.28 for group C (p<0.01). In time 3, significant differences (p<0.01) were found only for C

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sedin, G., Hammarlund, K. and Strömberg, B. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Transepidermal water loss in full‐term and pre‐term infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 305: 27–31, 1983.—The amount of water lost from the skin and the relation of the water loss to environmental factors, activity, body temperature, gestational age, nutritional status at birth and post‐natal age were studied in full‐term and pre‐term newborn infants. The method we used was non‐invasive and based on determination of the water vapour pressure gradient immediately above the skin surface. We found that the transepidermal water loss per unit time and area (TEWL; g/m2 h) could be calculated by using values from only three measurement sites. TEWL increased with activity and when body temperature was elevated above 37.1C. On the first day after birth TEWL in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants was exponentially related to gestational age, with much higher values in the most pre‐term infants than in full‐term infants. In full‐term small for gestational age (SGA) infants TEWL was significantly lower than in full‐term AGA infants. In pre‐term and full‐term AGA infants and in full‐term SGA infants we found an inverse linear relationship between ambient humidity and evaporation rate (ER; g/m2h) from the skin. The level of ER and the slope of the relationship depended on the gestational age of the infant, with higher ER in the more pre‐term infants. Analysis of the relationship between ambient humidity and ER indicated that there is a gradual change in the permeability of the skin with gestational age. In pre‐term infants TEWL gradually decreased during the first weeks of life. In full‐term AGA infants TEWL was almos

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09855.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In infants who die during the first months of life necrotic foci are almost invariably found. They are, as a rule, located in border zones between vascular territories, suggesting cerebral ischemia as a pathogenetic mechanism. Normally, the brain is protected against changes in perfusion pressure by autoregulation of cerebral perfusion. In utero, this mechanism is extremely fragile, and normal birth is a sufficient hypoxic insult to abolish autoregulation. Abolished autoregulation has been demonstrated in distressed newborns: Even mild hypotension, which is a common occurrence in these infants during the first few hours of life, is sufficient to induce ischemia. Follow‐up studies at the ages of one and four years have shown neonatal ischemia to be the decisive factor in the development of atrophic encephalopathy and motor and cognitive dysfunction. This clarification of the pathogenetic process has important implications for prevention, which is briefly discusse

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09885.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A 6‐week period of physical training of 28 asthmatic children reduced the exercise‐induced percentage fall in peak expiratory flow (from baseline) from 44±4% (mean ± SE) to 30±4%. Resting pulmonary function was unchanged. Resting and maximum heart rate (submaximal treadmill running) and postexercise plasma lactate were all lowered by training. The individual values for exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction and postexercise plasma lactate correlated positively before and after training. Furthermore, the training‐induced reduction in these parameters correlated. In 14 asthmatic children, who served as controls, exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction and physical fitness remained unchanged during a comparable period. The study demonstrates a beneficial effect of endurance training on exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction and wo

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hammarlund, K. and Sedin, G. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Water evaporation and heat exchange with the environment in newborn infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 305: 32–35, 1983.—The amount of water evaporated from the skin of newborn infants and the temperatures of the skin, the ambient air and the surfaces facing the infants were measured and used to calculate the evaporative, radiative and convective heat exchange between the infant and the environment in infants of varying gestational ages. Immediately after birth the evaporative heat exchange was very high but it then decreased gradually. The radiative heat exchange was very high in the delivery room but lower in the incubators. In incubators the evaporative heat exchange was high in the most pre‐term infants, especially when nursed at a low ambient humidity. Different modes of heat exchange were interrelated, so that when the pre‐term infants had a high evaporation rate, a high ambient temperature was needed and the heat exchange through radiation and convection decreased. Net heat exchange was lowest in very pre‐term infants at an ambient humidi

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09856.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY