摘要:

ABSTRACT.Growth study methodology is described with emphasis upon cross‐sectional versus longitudinal methods. The uses and advantages of velocity growth data are presented. Catch‐up growth is defined and measurement ratios‐indices discussed. The methodology necessary for the measurement of key indicators of human growth is described. These are body weight, recumbent length, head circumfe

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Twenty‐one children born 1970‐76, selected from 103 children of 30 alcoholic women, were paired to controls matched for sex, age, birth weight and gestational age. The sample (10 girls, 11 boys) was representative of the whole group with regard to weight, length and head circumference at birth. At follow‐up (mean age 70 months) the study group was significantly leaner, shorter and had smaller mean head circumference than the control group. The controls had significant catch‐up growth from birth to follow‐up of weight, height and head circumference to the mean for Swedish children. The study group had no catch‐up growth. Compared to controls the study group had significantly lower fine and gross motor age test scores and inferior coordination. One child had cerebral palsy (spastic hemiplegia) and in 6 other children slight tremor and ataxia were observed. Malformations and/or other signs of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) were found in 10 cases. Study group children with FAS had significantly slower growth of head circumference than others without FAS. Children placed in foster home care (n=11) were found to have significantly (p<0.05) lower birth weight, birth length and head circumference than children raised at home (n=10). There were no significant differences at follow up between study group children raised in foster homes or in homes of their biolog

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10915.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The key stages and progression of fetal growth are described, together with the related growth‐controlling and influencing fetal, maternal, and feto‐maternal factors. Placental and genetic influences are discussed. Perinatal outcome for the fetus is emphasized as the key endpoint, and the need, therefore, of fetal growth curves that have predictive value. This is of particular importance in studying the differing outcomes for pre‐term and small‐for‐gestational‐

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Several factors play a role in the cause of malabsorption in CF. Besides the enzyme deficiency in the secretion of the exocrine pancreas, decreased bile‐salt concentration in the gut may also be an important factor in the fat malabsorption. The contribution to the fat absorption by other lipases, such as lingual lipase and gastric lipase, remains to he proved. The therapeutic measures are only partly effective because of the breakdown of swalled enzymes by gastric acid. Some improvement is reached by using a new acid‐resistant coating for the enzyme supplement. Newly developed and essential for its success is the application of small coated particles to prevent retention in the stomach, and the easy breakdown of the coating in an alkaline solution. The treatment of the bile salt deficiency has not been successful until now. A trial with additional Tween 80, with the option of supplementing the detergent activity which was found to he successful in Crohn disease, was without marked succ

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb14930.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Data from the Swedish Medical Birth Registration, 1977‐78, were utilized to develop methods of calculating reference standards for evaluating size at birth. Using the clinical information available, a ‘healthy’ sub‐group was extracted. The individual distributions of birthweight (BW), birth length (BL) and birth headcircumference (BHc) at each week of gestational age (GA) were modelled following some truncation of their ranges. Application of the Box‐Cox power family of transformations was generally found to improve the normality of the data. Certain percentages (such as 2.28, 50 and 97.72) were linked through a smoothing device. Features of the results include a positively skewed BW distribution in most GA weeks, a normal distribution of BL and BHc at term, a larger relative variation in BW at lower GA than at term, and a distinct sigmoid shape of the median and other BW curves. Compared with five commonly quoted standards, the present data show the least deceleration in the fullterm region. Disregarding the clinical information,‘primary’ sub‐groups were also extracted using decomposing techniques. These gave rise to similar BW/GA relationships. Using data from the WHO comparative study, the method just mentioned was applied to standardize BW and BW‐specific early neonatal mortality rates. This resulted in an improved description of

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.From a retrospective material including all the 103 children of 30 alcoholic women, the 21 youngest born 1970‐76, were paired to controls matched for sex, age, birth weight, gestational age and living area. IQ scores were measured with Griffiths and WISC scales. Controls tested within the normal range for Swedish children, while the study group scored 15‐19 IQ points below controls (p<0.01), the means of the study group corresponding to ‐1.6 SD below means of the controls. Significant differences between the groups were found in all subscales. Visual perception was measured with Frostig's test. Perceptual age was generally equal to mental age except in the most severely affected cases where perceptional age was lower than mental age. A marked perceptual delay exceeding 1 year was found in 8/17 tested cases in the study group, while all controls were normal. Developmental levels evaluated from Human Figure Drawings according to Koppitz was in accordance with IQ testresults. Indicators of emotional instability were found significantly more often in the study group than in controls. Hyperactivity, distractability and short attention span were found in 12/21 cases and perseveration in 6/21 cases but not among controls. Members of the study group with traits of the fetal alcohol syndrome (10/21) had significantly lower IQ and perceptual delay was more pronouned than in members without such signs. No significant IQ difference was found between subjects reared in foster homes and in biological

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10916.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Increased fecal bile acid loss in cystic fibrosis (CF) may result from ileal dysfunction. A method to quantitate in vitro Na+‐dependent taurocholate uptake into brush border membrane vesicles prepared from frozen ileum and ileal biopsy specimen is described. This transport across the ileal brush border membrane can be measured selectively, in contrast to in vivo measurements which represent a complex overall process. Preliminary results obtained with ileal specimen of 2 CF patients, suggest that in vitro bile acid uptake is low but not abnorma

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb14931.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Cystic fibrosis children tend to have a low birth weight and their mean height and weight during childhood is below that for the general population. They also tend to have a delayed hone age and puberty. The degree of underweight correlates more closely with the respiratory condition than with the degree of malabsorption. There is evidence that their nutritional requirements are increased, perhaps up to 150% of the recommended daily allowance, but in later childhood their food intake is frequently low and maybe the major reasons for their poor growth and development. Specific deficiencies of vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids occasionally present as clinical problems. New approaches to nutrition include increasing dietary fat, which was traditionally low because of malabsorption, and this change has been made possible with the development of modern pancreatic supplements. Supplementary nutrition with elemental diets or intravenous hyperalimentation have given promising results in some studies and might be expected to improve the patient's resistance to infection as well as his nutritional state. The place of oral essential fatty acid supplements is still being evaluated, but intravenous infusions of fat emulsion are not justifiable in themselves.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb14932.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The energy and nutrient intakes by 14 children with type I diabetes and 13 healthy peers were investigated by the 24–h recall method and the results were compared with current recommendations for the general population and with the guidelines for the dietary management of diabetes mellitus. The diabetic children showed not only good compliance with the recommendations but also a better intake in practically all respects than their healthy counterparts. The total energy intake by the diabetic children was in good agreement with the recommendations, while that of the controls was slightly lower. The protein energy per cent in the diet of the diabetic children was 18%, compared with 14% in the controls. Forty percent of the energy in the diet of the diabetic children was derived from fats, 36% in the controls. With the exception of carbohydrates, ascorbic acid and iron, the diet of the diabetic children had a higher nutrient density than that of the control children and the reverse was true for carbohydrates only. Howewr, because of the generally higher energy intake displayed by the diabetic children, even the intake of these nutrients was at least as good in the diabetic children as in the controls. Eighty‐six percent of the diabetic children but only 46% of the control children stated that the day for which intake data were given was a representative day.Key words: Dietary intake, recall, diabetes mellitus, insulin dependent, Swe

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY