摘要:

Faecal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined in 49 infants on three occasions, i.e. at ages three and six days and two months. At two months, the breast‐fed infants had a significantly higher proportion of acetic acid in the SCFA spectra than the bottle‐fed infants. The data suggest that the composition of the intestinal microflora in most breast‐fed infants is characterized by a high relative content of acetic acid in faecal SCFAs. This may be associated with protection against diarrhoea and respiratory infections in the

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12747.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Biochemical markers of nutritional status (albumin, transthyretin, insulin‐like growth factor‐I and zinc) were measured in slowly growing two‐ to five‐year‐old, low‐income Parisian children whose weight‐for‐height or height‐for‐age z scores (WHZ or HAZ) were between — 1 and — 2 SD of the NCHS median. The results were compared to controls who were matched for age, sex, and ethnic origin with WHZ and HAZ between — 1 and + 2 SD. Mean serum levels of transthyretin, albumin and insulin‐like growth factor‐I and mean plasma zinc concentrations were significantly lower in the growth‐impaired children than in the controls (p= 0.002,p= 0.006,p= 0.015, andp= 0.035, respectively). While the height‐retarded children had low mean serum insulin‐like growth factor‐I values, the weight‐retarded subjects had decreased levels of albumin, transthyretin and zinc when compared to controls. Lower mean levels of nutritional markers in healthy, slowly growing children suggest that inadequate dietary intakes of zinc, protein and/or energy may result in mar

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12748.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A number of rare inherited metabolic disorders are known to lead to death in infancy. Deficiency of medium‐chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase has, on clinical grounds, been related particularly to sudden infant death syndrome. The contribution of this disorder to the etiology of sudden infant death syndrome is still a matter of controversy. The present study investigated 120 well‐defined cases of sudden infant death syndrome in order to detect the frequency of the most common disease‐causing point mutation in the gene coding for medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (G985) compared with the frequency in the general population. A highly specific polymerase chain reaction assay was applied on dried blood spots. No over‐representation of homo‐ or heterozygosity‐for G985 appears to exist in such a strictly defined population, for which reason it may be m'bre relevant to look at a broader spectrum of clinical presentations of inherited metabolic disorders and examine a wider range of sudden d

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12749.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred and twenty‐three children, aged 1.5–18 months, participated in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled multicentre study comparing different treatments for acute wheezing. The children were admitted to one of five participating paediatric departments. They were randomized into one of four treatment groups: (I) soluble prednisolone +placebo inhalation + terbutaline inhalation; (2) soluble placebo + budesonide inhalation + terbutaline inhalation; (3) soluble placebo+placebo inhalation + terbutaline inhalation; and (4) soluble placebo + placebo inhalation + normal saline inhalation. On admission, measurements of temperatures, respiratory rate and heart rate were made and once‐a‐day thereafter. Wheezing, accessory respiratory muscle use, prolonged expiration and general condition were scored on a scale ranging from 0 to 3. Significantly more treatment failures were recorded in the placebo group. Children from both steroid groups were discharged earlier than children from the terbutaline group. Compared with children from the placebo group, children from all three treatment groups had a greater improvement in symptom score, but this was significant for the budesonide

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12750.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12751.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The inactivated poliovirus vaccine is heat stabile, gives high serum IgG concentrations but less pronounced mucosal immunity and must be given as repeated injections. A new enhanced‐potency Dutch inactivated vaccine could circumvent these difficulties. We compared antibody concentrations measured as neutralization or ELISA titers, and avidity of serum and salivary antibodies in children vaccinated with three doses of the earlier Swedish vaccine given over nine months or the new antigen‐rich vaccine. After three doses, but not after two, serum neutralization titers for type 1 and type 3 poliovirus were higher using the new vaccine but secretory IgA levels in saliva were similar. The avidity of the serum IgC antibodies was significantly higher after two doses of the new vaccine than after three doses of the old. Thus the new vaccine gives excellent antibody responses of high titers and avidities, but should preferably be given in three do

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐nine cases of pediatric acute lower respiratory disease associated with adenovirus genome type 7h were evaluated retrospectively. They constituted 2.4% of 1233 cases of acute respiratory infections treated in five hospitals in Buenos Aires, between September 1984 and September 1988. Pneumonia and bronchiolitis were the principal diagnoses. The mean age of patients was 8.8 months and 82.7% of the children were less than one year of age. None of the patients had previously been exposed to measles or was immunocompromised. A mixed infection, viral or bacterial, was demonstrated in 8 of the 29 patients. Sixteen children developed a severe pulmonary disease which required intensive care. Ten with a clinical diagnosis of multifocal pneumonia and necrotizing bronchiolitis died. Extrapulmonary manifestations were observed in the most severe cases. Observations suggest a possible high pathogenicity of adenovirus type 7h and emphasize the need for adequate control and case management program

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ursodeoxycholic acid has been used widely to dissolve cholesterol gallstones and more recently was shown to improve clinical symptoms and biochemical indices in different chronic liver diseases, including that associated with cystic fibrosis. We treated 10 cystic fibrosis patients (5 males, 5 females, age range 2–22 years) with pancreatic insufficiency and normal liver function with ursodeoxycholic acid 15–20 mg/kg/day. Seven patients had radiolucent gallstones (in 3 cases associated with biliary sludge) and 3 had sludge; all were asymptomatic. Before treatment, the gallbladder was well opacified in oral cholecystogram. The gallbladder was scanned by ultrasound in similar conditions and by the same operator before administration of ursodeoxycholic acid and after a median period of treatment of 16 months (range 11–32 months). During treatment, all patients remained asymptomatic and the relative proportion of ursodeoxycholic acid in duodenal bile increased from 4.7 ± 3.2% at baseline to 34.7 ± 8.6%. Complete or partial dissolution of gallstones was never observed and the maximum diameter of stones increased from a mean of 6.1 ± 3.4 to 8.0 ± 5.3 mm; in one case the development of biliary sludge occurred during bile acid therapy. Sludge disappeared in 1 of the 6 patients who initially had it, while in 2 cases its volume increased. We conclude that ursadeokycholic acid is not effective in most CF patients with gallstones, probably because cholesterol is not the main component of stone

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We performed a retrospective study of 325 coeliac children (179 females and 146 males, F/M ratio 1:2), diagnosed from 1984 to 1989. The children were divided into two groups; group A were diagnosed between 1984 and 1986 and group B were diagnosed between 1987 and 1989, when the antigliadin antibody test had been introduced in our routine. The data showed a difference between the number of diagnoses in the two groups, 117 in group A versus 208 in group B, with a yearly increment of new cases. In both groups, the onset of the disease occurred within the 2nd year of life, in most cases (group A, 88.9%); group B 89.4%) showing a mode at approximately the 9th month. Diagnosis was made within the 2nd year of life in the majority of cases (group A, 80.3%; group B, 87.4%), showing a mode of approximately the 12th month. In both groups, chronic diarrhoea was the most frequent symptom (75.2% in group A and 70.2% in group B), while minor symptoms, such as isolated short stature, pallor, delayed puberty and others, did not show any important change. We conclude that in Sicily, in recent years, the incidence of coeliac disease has been increasing. The most representative clinical form is the classic one, with onset within the 2nd year of life, and chronic diarrhoea, growth failure and abdominal distention as key symptoms.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12755.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some authors have recently reported an increased level of antigluten antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis, both in the adult and juvenile form. The real meaning of these antibodies is still unclear. We ascertained the levels of antigluten antibodies in a group of children with juvenile chronic arthritis to determine if these antibodies were linked with celiac disease and/or to increased intestinal permeability. In 18 of 53 patients (33.9%), the levels of antigluten antibodies (IgA or IgG) were higher than normal. No correlation was found between the increase in antigluten antibodies and the positive lactulose/ mannitol test, used for determining increased intestinal permeability. In all eight patients undergoing intestinal biopsy due to abnormal levels of antigluten antibodies (IgA class), intestinal mucosa was normal. In conclusion, our study shows that in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis, immunological response to gluten is neither related to celiac disease nor to increased intestinal permeability.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12756.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY