摘要:

Zusammenfassung.Die 6‐Jahrmolaren, die wichtigsten Zähne des bleibenden Gebisses, sind aueh diejenigen Zähne dieses Gebisses, die am häufigsten durch Karies zerstört werden. Dazu trägt u. a. die Tatsache bei, dass diese Zähne von den Bltern sehr oft als Milchzähne angesehen werden. Es wird zahlenmässig beleuchtet, dass das Bedürfnis nach konservativer Behandlung der 6‐Jm schon bei vielen Fünf‐ und Sechsjährigen vorliegt, also vor Schulanfang (in Schweden werden die Kinder in dem Jahre schulpflichtig, in welchem sie 7 Jahre alt werden)Es wird auf gewisse Möglichkeiten hingewiesen, die der Arzt hat, urn die frühe Zerstörung der 1. bleibenden Molaren zu ver‐hiiten. Die sog. Rachitisprophylaxe mittels Darreichung von Vitamin D in den ersten Lebensjahren bedeutet gleichzeitig eine Schmelzhypoplasieprophylaxe auch betreffs der 6‐Jahrmolaren. Ferner soil der Arzt bei der Untersuchung von Kindern auch diesen wichtigen Zähnen einige Aufmerksamkeit schenken. Bei Fünf‐ und Sechsjährigen (sowie älteren Kindern an Orten ohne Schulzahnpflege) soil der Arzt die Eltern von dem Durchbruch der 6‐Jahrmolaren unterriehten und sie darauf hinweisen, dass es sich um bleibende Zähne handelt. Wird sichere oder mutmassliche Karies der 6‐Jahrmolaren festgestellt, so sind die vorschulpflichtigen Kinder sowie die Schulkinder an Orten ohne Schulzahnpflege dem Zahnarzt zuzuführen. Schulkinder mit kariösen 6‐Jahrmolaren, die der Schulzahnpflege unterstehen, sind ebenfalls zum Zahnarzt zu schicken, falls die jährliche Untersuchung de

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1945.tb16857.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1945.tb16858.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1945.tb16859.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.For many reasons the skin can be assumed to be sensitive to both external and internal stimuli during the neonatal period. Exanthems during this period are also rather common, and allergic factors presumably play an important part here, in any case in the urticaria‐resembling varietiesAs oranges often proved to have a deteriorative effect on exanthems in infants and small children, and the suspicion had arisen that eruptions in infants also sometimes could be caused by the mother consuming oranges, tests were performed at the maternity hospital to elucidate this problem54 mothers received 3 oranges a day during their entire stay at the hospital, 58 served as controls. Urticarial eruptions in the new born children were present in 12 cases (22.2 %) of the former, but only in 2 cases (3.4 %) of the latter, the difference amounting to 18.8 ± 6.1%. Two graver cases are described in which the exanthems disappeared relatively soon on withdrawal of the oranges. In one of these latter cases the exanthem reappeared when oranges were allowed again.—In connection herewith another case is described in which a similar result was obtained with chocolateOn administering vitamin C tablets à 100 mg ascorbic acid pro die to the mother, there was no difference between the test groupsAn examination concerning the administration of drugs to the mother during the test period revealed that in fewer cases of the orange group than in the control group, drugs had been administered that could be suspected of having caused eruptionsThus in exanthema neonatorum one has reason to investigate not only the administered drugs as a possible cause, but also the diet of the m

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1945.tb16860.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The fat content of collected human milk surplus is not representative under all conditions of the mother's milk fed to the babies of the suppliers to the Milk Centre, and variations in the fat content of the collected milk need not imply that the milk which the baby gets varies in the same way. Different emptying techniques (e. g. extraction at different emptying phases) may yield milk that has considerably different fat contents, and this would if anything imply that the fat content of the rest of the milk, which the baby draws, varies in the opposite directionIf, for instance, it is wished to decide whether an altered level of nutrition in a community has had an effect on the fat content of human milk, a material should preferably be procured that is fully representative of the total production of the mothers studied, e. g. the whole daily milk production from a number of mothers, and, best of all, from mothers who, among other things in respect of milk quantity also, are representative of the nursing mothers of the community. At any rate, when comparisons are made, it must be seen that the different milks have been extracted by a uniform technique and can thus be presumed to deviate in the same way from the total production of the donor mothers as regards fat content.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1945.tb16861.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1945.tb16862.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.By studying the serum iron curve following iron tolerance tests in individuals submitted to artificial stenosis of the pylorus, it was established that iron is absorbed from the stomach, in animals as well as in man.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1945.tb16863.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1945.tb16864.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1945.tb16865.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The author discusses the conflicting opinions which, from the literature (e.g. Ylppö, Peiper), appear to prevail in respect of the cause of death in the premature, or in the debile who die immediately after birth or during the “new‐born period”. The hypothesis is advanced that the low condition which often precedes death for a longer or shorter period, is a state of shock. The clinical picture tallies well with that typical of shock. As, for various reasons, the special investigations usually made for the purpose of verifying the diagnosis of shock (e. g. examinations of the blood pressure and pulse, of changes in the erythrocyte concentration in the blood) cannot be employed in the case of the new‐born and the premature, the author has tried to find support for the shock hypothesis in the anatomical findings. In autopsies on the premature the most typical and constant finding is a strong macroscopic and microscopic hyperaemia in the liver, and, usually, extremely wide intra‐acinous capillaries. Other internal organs also exhibit at times, but by no means regularly, a certain, but generally not high degree of hyperaemia. Thus the anatomical findings appear to support the shock hypothesis. The physiological hemoconcentration which makes its appearance during the period immediately after birth in the full‐term newborn — as also in the premature — speaks in favour of there being a special disposition to shock during the “new‐born period”. A number of anatomical data from the literature can also be adduced to support the assumption of a functional inferiority or deficient development of the capillary system in the premature, likely to favour the appearance of shock. Finally, a short description is given of some therapeutic experiments with suprarenal cortex hormone in cases of lowered conditions in the premature. These experiments have exhibited promising results

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1945.tb16866.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1945

数据来源: WILEY