摘要:

Résumé1. On perusing the literature a considerable lack of agreement in the value given for the Hb. in small healthy children is found.2. The divergencies are partly due to technical errors, and party to physiological errors. National characteristics also seem to play a role.3. In the author's own investigations a physiological lability of the small child's capillary system is demonstrated. Incision with a sharp instrument, where the mechanical irritation of the capillaries is at a minumum, gives relatively low Hb. values, while incision with a blunter instrument causing greater irritation gives relatively high values. The explanation of this is that a contraction of the vessels takes place, the degree of which is regulated by the strength of the irritamentum, which affects the number of red corpuscles, and this finds an excellent analogy in Krogh'sexperiments on frogs.4. From this it follows that, when dealing with small children, a sharp instrument (cataract knife) must be used in all cases where the blood is taken from the ear and that the incision or puncture should preferably to deep, otherwise quite inconsistent results will be obtained.5. It does not seem to be of any importance which drop of blood is used for the Hb. determination after the incision is made.6. The examination of 85 healthy children, from a fortnight to 2 years old, showed a rapid fall in the Hb. curve from birth, reaching a minimum about the 2nd. or 3rd. month, irrespective of sex. The curve then remained level for the first year at about 80 % (100 % Hb. = 18,5 volumes % oxygen) and only rose again during the 2nd. year.7. The cell volume of the blood in healthy small children, except in the first few months of life, is about the same as that of healthy adult women.8. The relation between the Hb. percentage and the cell volume is denoted by the term Hv. This value signifies the relation between the Hb. of the blood corpuscles and their volume, just as the ordinary index (F. I.) signifies the relation between the Hb. and their number. The small child's physiological chlorosis is demonstrated by means of the Hv. value.9. An increase in Hv. above the physiological limit can be explained by a drying up of the bloo

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1923.tb17427.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1923

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1924.tb14499.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1924

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1924.tb14500.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1924

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1924.tb14501.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1924

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1924.tb14502.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1924

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The opinion asserted in recent years, that the formed in the course of scurvy, before the total arresting of bone formation, is normal bone, proves to be incorrect. It is shown that in scurvy a bone is formed the appearance of which differs more and more from the normal, till all bone formation stops. This less differentiated bone is described in teeth, in endosmal and enchodral bone formation. Quatations from the literature show as a rule, they have misinterpreted them.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1924.tb14503.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1924

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Résumé1. An increase in Hv. above the physiological limit can be explained by a drying up of the blood which in all probability is an indication of an augmentation of the osmotic pressure of the plasma.2. Drying up of the blood (increase in the osmotic preussure) I find not only in acute toxic gastro‐enteritis but also in congenital pyloric stenosis, and what is more important, also in children suffering from chronic dyspepsia as this does not accord with the results of earlier authours who directly estimated the serum proteins or the dessicated substance.3. In the first months of life I find no anaemia of the chlorosis type (low Hv.) in prematurely born children, while Lichtensteinfinds classical chlorosis (low F. I.). If it should be confirmed in a large series of investigations that in the same child we find a low F. I. but a normal Hv. then the blood corpuscles must be smaller than normal, in other words there must be a microcytosis in the first months of life.4. In children with active rickets, or who have had the disease in the past, and in children who have suffered from severe or mild, acute or chronic alimentary diseases, practically no sign of anaemia is to be found among my cases.In conclusion I wish to express my indebtedness to my chief, Prof. C. E. Blochfor the excellent facilities granted me during the progress of my work in the Children's Department of the State Hospital. I am also grateful to Prof. S. Monradfor the opportunity given me of examining the patients at Dronning Louise's Children's Hospital, as well as to Dr. E. J. Warburgfor his kindness of always being to my disposal with technical and literary hi

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1923.tb17428.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1923

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1923.tb17429.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1923

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Accounts of earlier investigators are summarized, criticized or confirmed. The presence in scurvy of a myopathy is proved, which consists in an atrophy with certain characteristic features

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1924.tb14504.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1924

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1923.tb17430.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1923

数据来源: WILEY