ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1961.tb08183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe fluorescent antibody technique has been tested during a current epidemic of infantile diarrhoea due toE. coli0111:B4, and has been compared with the conventional bacteriological and serological techniques. Four different modifications have been compared. After enrichment of the faecal specimens in broth the greatest number of positive specimens was obtained by the fluorescent antibody technique. It was possible by means of this technique to demonstrate the organisms in 15 infants and one adult in 35 specimens, whereas conventional culture, all modifications together, revealed them in 12 infants in 26 specimens. The time for putting a diagnosis is greatly reduced by the fluorescent method. The method's didvantages and its use in routine practice are discussed.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1961.tb08184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1. Serial determinations of oxygen and carbon dioxide tension, pH, CO2content, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, total protein and hematocrit beginning within 5 minutes of birth and continuing through the first hour have been performed in newborn infants.2. The data support the concept that the delivery process is invariably asphyxiating whether delivery is vaginal or by cesarian section. Furthermore, the major recovery occurs within 10 minutes of delivery in healthy infants.3. Arterial oxygen tension was reduced throughout the entire period. Even though the mean arterial oxyhemoglobin satura tion was within normal limits at one hour of age the mean oxygen tension remained low. The interpretation of these findings is discussed.4. The administration of high oxygen concentration to the mothers for periods up to 30 minutes failed to effect the infants' PaO2.5. Evidence is presented for a right to left shunt through the ductus arteriosus when the newborn is quiet as well as crying.6. Serum potassium concentration was found to be considerably elevated in all infants. The mechanisms for this are discussed.7. Differences in acid‐base balance, serum protein concentration and packed cell volume between infants delivered vaginally and by cesarian section were noted. The explanation of these differences is not know

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1961.tb08185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUrine sediment counts were made in 380 specimens collected from 114 male and 27 female infants during the first 10 days after birth. In some the Addis counts were calculated. This method is considered inaccurate and erroneous in infants, however, and it is advocated that the findings should be expressed in cells per cubic millimetre. The counts found in the normal newborn infants are tabulated and the results are discussed. The range of normal sediment counts found exceeds that set for older children and adults in earlier publications.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1961.tb08186.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySerum‐total acid phosphatase (TAP) and L(+)‐tartaric‐acid‐inhibited acid‐phosphatase (TIAP) activities have been determined in 95 and 55 children respectively, suffering from a variety of diseases. It was found that in a certain number of children with rheumatic fever, diseases of the liver, lungs, kidneys and bones the variations in total‐serum acid phosphatase were considerably greater than in normal children. The activity of TIAP was significantly increased in rheu

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1961.tb08187.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe standard limb leads of the electrocardiograms of 100 healthy infants were examined. The heart rate and the length of the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, T wave, ST segment, QT interval and the corrected QT interval (QTc) were measured. The heart rate showed wide variations throughout the period under review but decreased as age advanced. Sinus arrhythmia was encountered only five times but minor differences in the length of cardiac cycles occurred frequently. No other disturbance of rhythm was observed. The P wave, PR interval, QRS complex and T wave lengthened as age increased and, the P wave excepted, as the heart rate slowed. The ST segment tended to shorten both with increasing age and increasing heart rate. The linear association between the length of the QT interval and the heart rate was confirmed. The observed values for the corrected QT interval (QTc) fell within the range, 0.36 to 0.42.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1961.tb08188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1961.tb08189.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1. Serial radiographs of the hands of 192 mongoloid and 120 normal children extending over four years have been used to investigate the frequency of clinodactyly and brachymesophalangia in the fifth finger and their changes during growth.2. The incidence of clinodactyly in the mongoloid children was similar to that recorded in the literature but the incidence in the normal children was higher than that recorded previously. Clinodactyly with a middle phalanx of the usual length occurred with almost equal frequency in both mongoloid and normal children. There was a marked difference between the two groups of children in the incidence of clinodactyly associated with brachymesophalangia.3. It is suggested that brachymesophalangia is a more important physical sign of mongolism than clinodactyly. Considering children under the age of 8 years, it was present in 25.0% of the mongoloid group and 3.3% of the normal group and was almost always associated with clinodactyly.4. The incidence of clinodactyly did not vary with age but brachymesophalangis was slightly less common among older mongoloids.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1961.tb08190.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn a study of 1000 newborns jaundice of unknown aetiology was a common finding during the first week of life. In these children the bilirubin values were as follows:≥ 10 mg% in 26 %≥ 20 mg% in 6 %It is known from the literature that there is a causal relationship between severe jaundice occurring in the first week of lie and the subsequent development of athetosis. By carrying out exchange transfusion on children with a serum bili‐rubin value of ≥ 20 mg%, and comparing the number with the frequency of athetosis reported in the literature, it is shown that the following will be exchange transfused:(a) 2140 full‐term babies in order to prevent subsequent athetesis in one, but one runs the risk of 21 dying as a result of the procedure itself.(b) 92 premature infants to prevent subsequent athetosis in one, but one runs the risk of 4 dying as a result of the procedure.The limit of 20 mg% is thus not appropriate. Through systematic investigetions must be found better criteria for exchange transfusing newborn with jaundice of unknown aetiology.As opposed to this, the criteria for exchange transfusing Rhesus sensitised children are satisfactory. Admittedly it is unnecessary in the case of 44 out of every 100 children but, on the other hand, 56 will be saved from death or kernicterus, with the risk of death due to the procedure in only

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1961.tb08191.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTwo instances of asystolic cardiac arrest in immature infants during exchange transfusions are reported. In both cases the collapse came as an unexpected complication at the end of the transfusion. When extrathoracic manipulations to restore spontaneous heart action had been unsuccessfully performed for one and two minutes respectively, thoracotomy was performed and cardiac massage instituted. Spontaneous heart action started in one case shortly after manual compressions had been instituted and in the other case after 10 minutes of massage and the administration of calcium and adrenalin. The recovery of the infants was completely uneventful and no signs of CNS damage could be detected at the age of two and three months respectively. Methods to institute cardiac action are discussed and it is stressed that thoracotomy and cardiac massage are comparatively easy procedures not contraindicated by the small size of these infants. The use of continuous ECG control during exchange transfusion is recommended.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1961.tb08192.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY