摘要:

ABSTRACT. Pohlandt, F. (Department of Paediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University Hospital, Ulm, Federal Republic Germany). Cystine: a semi‐essential amino acid in the newborn infant. Acta Paediatr Scand63:801, 1974.—The enzyme activities of the transsulfuration pathway (Cystine biosynthesis) are low or not measurable in the livers of human fetuses, premature and full‐term newborns. Cystine thus may be an essential amino acid in newborn infants. To test this suggestion, we studied the plasma amino acid concentrations in 20 premature and 7 full‐term infants treated for prematurity and/or respiratory distress syndrome by ion exchange columnchromatography. The infants received infusions of a 5% glucose‐electrolyte‐solution during the first two days of life. In premature newborns the plasma cystine concentrations markedly decreased within the first 12 hours of life (median<5 μmol/l) and remained low tlfereafter. In full‐term infants the plasma cystine concentrations decreased similarly. To rule out the possibility that these low plasma cystine concentrations were the result of a reduced cystine biosynthesis due to a lack of methionine, a substrate of transsulfuration pathway, we studied premature on infusion of a mixture of syntheticl‐amino acids free from cystine. Despite elevated plasma methionine concentrations (median 113.4 μnol/l) the plasma cystine concentrations remained very low. Cystine, therefore, can be considered a semi‐essential amino acid in the newborn infant and should be supplied to newborns receiving balanced p

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04866.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Lindberg, T. (Department of Paediatrics, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden). Proteolytic activity in duodenal juice in infants, children, and adults. Acta Paediatr Scand,63:805, 1974. The capacity of duodenal juice to hydrolyse casein to trichloroacetic acid‐soluble peptides was investigated: in a control group (11 infants and children and 7 adults); in 5 children with pancreatic disease; in 10 children with entero‐genic malabsorption (coeliac disease and cow's milk protein intolerance). The proteolytic activity per ml duodenal juice in fasting condition was as great in healthy infants and children as in healthy adults (500–600 mg casein/ml/hour). There was a good correlation between trypsin content and proteolytic activity of duodenal juice. In pancreatic insuffciency, the proteolytic activity was extremely low (not measureable in 3 patients) as was the trypsin activity whereas in enterogenic malabsorption, it was within the ranges of the c

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04867.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Langslet, A., Olsen, I., Lie, S. O. and Lekken, P. (Department of Paediatrics, Rikshospitalet, and the Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway). Chlorhexidine treatment of oral candidiasis in seriously diseased children. Acta Paediatr Scand,63:809, 1974.—Chlorhexidine, a broad‐spectrum antibacterial substance with antifungal activity, was tested in 8 children with acute oral pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush) and in one child with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Five of the patients suffered from acute leukemia. The drug was administered in a 0.2% solution, either as mouth rinses of painted on the lesions, for 6–17 days for those having the acute form and for 90 days in the case with chronic candidiasis. All patients with thrush were clinically cured, and in the 6 cases where mycological examination of oral swabs was undertaken before and after therapy, the cultures became negative. Like a number of antimycotics, chlorhexidine failed to cure the oral lesions in the patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. No adverse reactions attributable to the drug were observed. The results obtained in this limited number of patients are promising, and in oral fungal infections chlorhexidine deserves further attention as an alternative to drugs like gentian violet, nystatin or amphoterian B. It is suggested that prophylactic use of chlorhexidine may be justified to obtain and maintain the best possible oral health in seriously diseased pat

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04868.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Nilsson, K. O. and Thorell, J. I. (Department of Paediatrics, Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, University Clinics, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden). The effect of L‐dopa on the blood concentrations of growth hormone, thyro‐trophin, gonadotrophins, cortisol and glucose in children with short stature. Acta Paediatr Scand,63:812, 1974.—Studies were performed in nine constitutionally short children to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of oral L‐dopa as compaired to insulin induced hypoglycemia as a provocative agent for the stimulation of growth hormone production. In addition the effect of L‐dopa on the blood concentrations of thyro‐trophin, gonadotrophins, cortisol and glucose was investigated. The mean growth hormone concentration was 4.8±1.6 (S.E.M.) ng/ml before L‐dopa and 2.9±1.0 ng/ml before insulin. The mean peak growth hormone concentration was 20.7±2.6 ng/ml after L‐dopa and 17.5±3.1 ng/ml during insulin induced hypoglycemia. AU children showed peak growth hormone concentrations at or above 8 ng/ml both after L‐dopa and insulin, although in one patient this level was reached only after priming with testosterone. No significant changes in the blood concentrations of thyrotrophin, gonadotrophins, cortisol or glucose were observed. It is concluded that L‐dopa is an effective stimulus for the release of growth

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04869.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Brooke, O. G., Cocks, Th. and March, Y. (Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica). Resting metabolic rate in malnourished babies in relation to total body potassium. Acta Paediatr Sand.63:817, 1974.—Fasting metabolic rate was investigated in 53 malnourished children and 17 controls of similar age. Total body potassium (TBK) was also measured in 18 of the malnourished children and in all the controls, so that metabolic rates could be compared in relation to a measure of metabolically active tissue. In newly admitted malnourished children specific potassium depletion was corrected orally while they were given a maintenance diet. Resting metabolism correlated better with TBK than with weight, height or surface area in control and recovered children, but metabolic rate per unit TBK declined with increasing body‐weight (r=‐0.51). This negative correlation became insignificant if metabolic rate was expressed in terms of TBK“. In the malnourished children resting metabolic rate was reduced compared with control and recovered values, when expressed in terms of weight, height or surface area. The results were aeonfirmed by a comparison of metabolic rates per unit TBK % which showed a reduction of about 27% in the malnourished children. No significant difference was found between children with marasmus and those with oedematous malnutrition. During rapid growth fasting metabolism was increased. We conclude that oxygen consumption in metabolically active tissues is reduced in all forms of untreated infantile malnu

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04870.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Fluge, G. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway). Clinical aspects of neonatal hypoglycaemia. Acta Paediatr Scand,63:826, 194.—Fifty cases of neonatal hypoglycaemia were detected by routine blood glucose determination in 323 low birth weight infants during a three‐year period (15.4%) and, in addition, hypoglycaemia was diagnosed in 17 full‐term infants. The patients were divided in three groups according to clinical findings, with special reference to age at diagnosis, pretreatment blood glucose values and duration of hypoglycaemia. Inasymptomatichypoglycaemia the diagnosis was made during the first few hours after birth, and the mean pretreatment blood glucose value was 14 mg/100 ml. Except for one patient, the hypoglycaemia was of short duration.Symptomatic, transienthypoglycaemia was characterized by a delay in onset of symptoms until the second and third day after birth, low pretreatment blood glucose level and hypoglycaemia of long duration. Hypoglycaemia associated with other neonatal disorders classified assecondaryhypoglycaemia usually was noted during the first few hours of life, and tended to he of short duration. Frequency of hypoglycaemia in small for gestational age infants was markedly higher when toxaemia of pregnancy was noted, compared with infants born to non‐toxaemic

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04871.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Davidsen, Otto (Diabetes Centre, Royal Maternity Department B, Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sundby Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark) Immunoelectrophoretic Determination of Serum Globulins in Newborn Infants of Diabetic Mothers. Acta Paediatr Scand,63:833, 1974.—Serum globulins were investigated by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the cord blood from 40 infants of diabetic mothers and 92 infants with non‐diabetic mothers. In infants of non‐diabetic mothers the concentration of most globulins was lower than in adults and positively correlated to the gestational age of the infant. For α2‐HS‐glycoprotein and an unidentified α2‐glob‐uEn, however, a negative correlation to the gestational age was observed. Infants of diabetic mothers had a higher Concentration of transferrin and lower concentrations of α2‐macroglohulin and α1‐lipoprotein as compared with infants of the reference group. In the diabetes group the globulin concentrations were correlated neither to the gestational age nor to their increased birth weight, but the ratio α2,‐macroglobulin/α2‐HS‐glycoprotein, which was expected to be independent of variations in the degree of hydremia of the infants, was significantly correlated to the gestational age. As judged from this parameter, infants of diabetic mothers are comparable to infants of non‐diabetic mothers of abou

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04872.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Meeuwisse, G. W., Lindberg, T. and Blomberg, M. (Departments of Paediatrics of Lund and Malmö, and the Department of Medical Engineering of the Hospital of Lund, University of Lund, Sweden). A hydraulic multiple intestinal biopsy apparatus for infants. Acta Paediatr Scand,63:839, 1974.—A small hydraulic multiple‐biopsy instrument (Ø 3.8 mm, length 9 mm) for infants and children has been developed. The small size, the small hole in the capsule (Ø 1.65 mm), the possibility to regulate the vacuum by which mucosa is sucked into the capsule, and the flexibility of the tube make it useful even for small infants. 1674 biopsies have been taken on 393 occasions. The failure rate was low, on six occasions the biopsy procedure failed, but a biopsy was obtained on a second attempt. There was one complication: an intestinal perfo

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04873.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT, Heiby, N., Jacobsen, L., Jergensen, B. A., Lykkegaard, E. and Weeke, B. (Statens Seruminstitut, Department of Clinical Microbiology at Blegdamshospitalet, the Paediatric Clinic TG with the Paediatric Clinic of Dronning Louises Børnehospital, the Radiologic Department TX, Rigshospitalet, and the Protein Laboratory, Untversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark). Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis. Acta Paediatr Scand,63:843, 1974.—The significance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the respiratory tract of 9 cystic fibrosis patients have been studied by means of immunoelectrophoretical analysis of patients' sera for the number of precipitins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the concentrations of 16 serum proteins. In addition, the clinical and radiographical status of the lungs have been evaluated using 2 scoring systems. Precipitins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were demonstrated in all sera, the maximum number in one serum was 22. The concentrations of 12 of the serum proteins were significantly changed compared with matched control persons. Notably IgG and IgA were elevated and the “acute phase proteins” were changed, the latter suggesting active tissue damage. The concentrations of 3 of the acute phase proteins, notably haptoglobin were correlated to the number of precipitins suggesting that the respiratory tract infection in patients with many precipitins is accompanied by more tissue damage than the infection in patients with few precipitins. The results indicate no protective value of the many precipitins on the tissue of the respiratory

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04874.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Kanawati, A. A., McLaren, D. S. and Darwish, O. (Nutrition Research Program, School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon). Failure to thrive in Lebanon. IV. Longitudinal health and growth data. Acta Paediat Scand,63:849, 1974.—Pre‐school age Arab children of low socio‐economic standard living in urban and suburban areas of Lebanon were divided into Thrive and Failing to Thrive groups according to an Index of Thriving. They were matched for age and their young siblings were also studied. Various somatic measurements were made and. health‐related data collected on three occasions over a period of approximately three years. Notable among the findings were (1) the very low mortality rate, (2) evidence of considerable spontaneous catch‐up growth in the Failing to Thrive group, (3) a high rate of obstetric experience in both groups, greater in the Failing to Thrive, and (4), frequent occurrence of infections with a tendency to delay vaccination, especially in the Failing to Thrive group, as a probable co

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY