摘要:

AbstractThe transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (PtcO2) was monitored in 50 healthy, normally and spontaneously delivered newborns. Measurements were performed during the first to fourth day of life. The electrode temperature was 44.5°C. The mean PtcO2level recorded during about 45 min was 9.2 kPa (S.D. 1.4) recorded from the minute‐to‐minute values. The PtcO2level normally oscillated to a certain extent and the oscillations were closely related to the breathing pattern of the patient. When the patient fell asleep during measurement, the normal oscillating pattern was replaced by a “silent pattern”. During crying, the PtcO2level showed four main reaction patterns. A decrease in the PtcO2level could be observed during breast‐feeding. One child, recently fed, vomited a small amount of breast milk after a short period of crying and apparently had a laryngospasm, shown by a sudden drop in the PtcO2level without any other signs of discomfort. The study shows that PtcO2(and thus also PaO2very sensitively reacts to changes in activity. This implies that earlier used methods for determination of PaO2might give values that are not representative for the steady state as the sampling method per se might influence the recorde

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb08213.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Using a method described earlier, the evaporation rate (ER) was studied at different humidities in 12 newborn infants born after 25 to 30 weeks of gestation and 10 infants born after 32 to 35 weeks. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was estimated in 32 infants born after 25 to 39 weeks of gestation. The ER values were highest in the infants with the lowest gestational age and the susceptibility to changes in ambient humidity was also greater at lower gestational ages. An exponential relationship was found between TEWL and gestational age, TEWL being 15 times higher in infants born after 25 weeks of gestation than in full‐term infant

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb08214.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In nine distressed newborn infants, mean aortic blood pressure and motor activity were recorded continuously during the first two or three days of life. Six of the infants had been asphyxiated at birth, the remainder having idiopathic respiratory distress only. The results showed that mean arterial blood pressure varies synchronously with motor activity, reaching maximum values much higher than previously suspected: about 90 or 100 mmHg were recorded in several infants. In three cases focal and/or generalized epileptic seizures occurred during the recording. It was found that in these circumstances too blood pressure increases dramatically, even if the motor component of the seizure is insignificant.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb08215.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The causes and short‐term prognoses of neonatal convulsions in infants less than four weeks of age were studied in 77 full‐term infants born in Stockholm in 1970–1976. In half of the infants (48%), hypoxia was considered to be the probable main etiology, while infection and metabolic disease including hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia were the next commonest cause, 12% for each condition. The etiology was unknown in 29 % of the infants although 15 of those 22 included in this group had other additional diagnoses. The total mortality was 13 %. At one year of age, 19 of the surviving 64 infants (30%) had severe psychomotor retardation. Of 11 infants with normal mental development at 12 months of age 6 had cerebral palsy and 5 epileptic seizures. Thirty‐four (53 %) of the infants still had no signs of sequelae. The poorest prognosis was found in the group with hypoxia as the main probable etiology. The incidence of neonatal convulsions was 1.5 per 1000 full‐term deliveries. In a similar study from Gothenburg which was performed 10 years earlier the incidence was 3.7 per 1000. Corresponding figures for perinatal mortality rate were 13.5

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb08216.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The importance of aldosterone for the control of salt balance has been examined in pre‐term infants (gestational age 28–34 weeks) and in full‐term infants. The post‐natal age has varied from 2–21 days. Eight‐hour urinary specimens have been analysed with regard to sodium, potassium and aldosterone. The daily sodium intake has been recorded following determination of milk intake and analyses of sodium in breast milk. Due to variations of sodium content of breast milk, the daily sodium intake in pre‐term infants was lower than in full‐term infants during the first 10 days of life. The sodium excretion was significantly higher in pre‐term infants than in full‐term infants during the fist six days of life. During the first week of life the sodium balance is negative in pre‐term infants and positive in full‐term infants. Aldosterone excretion is high during the first week of life and increases further from the 2nd to the 3rd week of life in both pre‐term and full‐term infants. The correlation between aldosterone excretion and urinary potassium/sodium quotient is 0.87 in full‐term infants, 0.57 in pre‐term infants aged 13–20 days and does not exist in pre‐term infants aged 2–10 days. It is suggested that the high sodium excretion in newborn pre‐term infants can in part be explained by an unresponsiveness to

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb08217.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Colonization with group B streptococci of the genital tract was studied in 1115 women during the last trimester of pregnancy. 76 or 6.82 % were found to harbour this bacterium. The incidence of contamination was significantly higher among Belgian women than among parturients of Mediterranean origin (p<0.001). It was also more frequent in primigravidae (p<0.05) and in the poorer (0.100.05). At the time of admission in the delivery room, it was noticed that rupture of the amniotic membranes for more than 24 hours was more often associated with group B streptococcal carriage by the mother (p<0.001). 29 out of 68 (42.6%) infants born to group B streptococci positive mothers were colonized at birth. 67 of them were submitted to a controlled trial of immediate versus delayed penicillin therapy. 44.8 % and 42.1 % of the neonates were contaminated at birth in each group of treatment respectively. No instance of group B streptococcal infection developed in either group. This suggests that immediate therapy with penicillin of infants of group B streptococci positive mothers has no definite advantage upon delayed treatment.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb08218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The usefulness of CRP in early detection of neonatal septicemia/meningitis and urinary tract infection was studied in a neonatal unit using a semiquantitative latex‐agglutination as a rapid screening method, and electroimmuno assay as reference method for CRP determination. In 94% of non‐infected infants CRP was 15 mg/l and 82 % had CRP<10 mg/l up to 3 days of age. After 3 days of age 96% had CRP<10 mg/l. The initial CRP level was increased in 16 out of 18 patients (89%) with bacterial septicemia. Low CRP was seen in one patient with total agranulocytosis and septicemia fromStreptococcustype B and in one patient withStaphylococcus albussepsis. A rise in CRP was also seen in very pre‐term infants with septicemia. Increased initial CRP was uncommon in neonatal urinary tract infection (2 of 9), but a rise was seen in 3 additional patients. A comparison between CRP, total neutrophil blood cell count and band neutrophil count as diagnostic parameters was in favour of CRP at this early stage of infection. CRP is of definite value as an aid in early diagnosis of neonatal septicemia and bacterial menin

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb08219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The clinical aspects ofMycoplasma pneumoniaeinfection in 103 children under 12 years admitted to hospital over an eight‐year period were reviewed retrospectively. Respiratory illnesses occurred in 87 (85 %) cases. The prevalence of lower respiratory tract involement was similar in both pre‐school and school children. Cough was the commonest symptom at all ages. Coryzal symptoms and wheeze were common in pre‐school children. Most infants had signs of pharyngitis or otitis media. Non‐specific symptoms—fever, lethargy, malaise, anorexia and vomiting—were common accompaniments in children older than one year of age. Non‐respiratory illnesses in 16 (15%) patients included gastroenteritis, convulsions, non‐specific skin rashes and limb pains. The duration of stay in hospital ranged from two to 30 days (median five days) with apparent clinical recovery and resolution of chest X‐ray abnormalities within three months in 78 (76 %) patient

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb08220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Children with energy‐protein undernutrition showed a reduction in the number of circulating T lymphocytes identified on the basis of their ability to form rosettes with sheep red blood cells. T cells with a receptor for IgM (Tμ) were decreased whereas T cells with a receptor for IgG (Tγ) were increased. Surface immunoglobulin bearing B cells were comparable in well nourished and malnourished subjects but the proportion of Bαwas increased in the latter. “Null” cells without the conventional markers of T or B cells were proportionately increased. Leukocyte terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity was elevated in the majority of undernourished children and correlated with the proportion of “null” cells. The significance of these observations is discussed and it is suggested that “null” cells represent immature undifferentiat

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb08221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Seventeen of 52 children suspected of having cow's milk allergy had this diagnosis confirmed after milk challenge in hospital. A broad spectrum of reactions was observed including skin eruptions, respiratory symptoms and gastrointestinal disturbance. Not all patients with gastrointestinal symptoms showed small bowel mucosal damage. Only patients with skin reactions had positive skin tests. IgA deficiency and IgE elevation were common. Four patients had symptoms within 3 days of birth. Twelve children tolerated cow's milk by three years of age. Cow's milk allergy can cause a variety of symptoms. Challenge with milk for several days may be required before allergic manifestations can be demonstrated.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb08222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY