摘要:

SummaryA longitudinal study has been conducted on 114 children in a hospital for primary tuberculosis, in order to determine the incidence of Group A latent streptococcal infection. The subjects were regularly examined for the presence of Group A streptococcus in the throat, the level of streptococcal antibodies in the sera; a daily methodical investigation was also performed in the search of any clinical symptoms of infection.The analysis of the modes of infection shows that several degrees exist between the subject remaining free of any contact with group A streptococcus and that one who presents a clinically acute infection; some children are truly healthy carriers, but more frequently the acquisition of the germ is followed by a rise of serological reactions. This infection may be clinically latent, 01: may show Clinical Symptoms of disease.Children classified as chronic carriers may harbour a single type of streptococcus or two or more types which may or may not be present concurrently within the carrier.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThrombin clotting times were performed on 43 umbilical cord blood samples. In 3 cases these were grossly prolonged. The importance of this observation is discussed.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBlood levels of glucose, ketones and various lipids have been studied in 31 obese and 10 normal children during prolonged fasting (23 hrs) and a week on a subcaloric high fat diet.The obese group has higher fasting values of all components analysed, except blood sugar. A statistically significant difference is obtained for the glycerol and ketone levels. The obese show blood‐changes later than the normal subjects, have a less pronounced rise in FFA, but a similar rise in blood ketones. The obese subjects had an impaired glucoseto‐lerance, that became more pronounced under the influence of the ketogenic diet.The pattern of response in various blood components among the obese children was best correlated with the time of onset of overweight, i.e. a greater deviation from the controls after a long duration of obesity.The metabolic abnormalities among overweight children as measured in this study are interpreted as being suggestive of an adaptation to obesity as such, duration of overweight playing a central r

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryElectrophysiologic studies and a comparative analysis of clinical data have been done on 85 children aged 2‐15 years, with diabetes mellitus but with no clinical signs of neuropathy or known (“complications” in any other respect. Electro‐encephalographic registrations were taken in all 85 cases, electromyography in 74 cases, and determination of the conduction velocity in peripheral motor nerve in 66 cases. The results were compared with a specially selected control material.1. A statistically significant reduction of the conduction velocity was noted in the ulnar and peroneal nerves in the diabetic material as compared to the control material for the age group 8‐15 years. Pathologic conduction velocity was found in the ulnar nerve in 2% and in the peroneal nerve in 9%. The reduced nerve conduction velocity was related to age, duration of diabetes and obviously to “poor” diabetic control.2. The electromyographic analyses showed a pathologic pattern in 5% of the cases‐all from the lower extremities.3. Pathologic EEG's were noted in 35% of the diabetic material and in 13% of the control material, a difference which is statistically significant. No relation to age, age a t onset of diabetes, duration of disease or diabetic control could be found. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant correlation with the frequency of hypoglycemic coma. The alpha activity was statistically significantly lower in the diabetic material as compared with the control material. This difference was pronounced below 9 years of age. Because of this finding, as well as the fact that an age limit of 9 years divides the material into two onset groups, the existence of two different types of childhood diabetes was discussed. In 19% of the diabetic material there were 14 and 6 clsec positive spike potentials, whereas the control material showed an incidence of only 8%. This difference is statistically significant. The findings appear to indicate an increased prevalence of this activity in cases of diabetes of short duration, and possibly in cases of late onset of diabetes in childhood. Alpha activity was compared with the nerve conduction velocity. In both control and diabetic material the nerve conduction velocity remained constant with increasing alpha frequency.4. The pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy has been discussed. Metabolic factors are considered to constitute th

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe report on a nine‐year‐old boy with the symptoms of a hereditary non‐sphero‐cytic anemia, whose erythrocytes showed a decrease of pyruvate kinase activity to about 50% of the normal level. A low level of ATP and an increase of the concentrations of 2,3‐DPG, 3‐PG and PEP were also found. Genetical and biochemical problems are discussed. This anemis belongs to Type I, according to Selwy

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBacteriological examinations of the umbilici, blood transfusion‐sets and patients' blood were performed at 28 exchange transfusions via the umbilicus 0‐7 days after delivery. Most of the umbilici were colonized with bacteria at the time of exchange. No case of septicemia or omphalitis occurred.Nebocetin as powder or lotion did not sterilize the cords but possibly protected sterile cords from becoming infected.Daily spray with Nobecutan did not protect the umbilici from becoming contaminated. The effect on the infection of Nobecutan was not better than that of Xeroform powder. No clinical colonization occurred. Contamination with S. albus may have protected against colonization with S. aureus. Most strains were sensitive to most of the common antibiot

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPremature closure of the cranial sutures as complication to hydrocephalus surgery is previously only briefly mentioned in the literature. An interesting feature is the abnormal thickening of the cranial bones, observed in the three cases presented. This might have something to do with the pressure that the normally growing brain probably exerts upon the bones during the development of the cranium.The use of low‐pressure valves has now been discarded when operating hydro‐cephalus in our clinic.The surgical correction of the secondary premature closure is probably more complicated than otherwise in these ca

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryInulin and PAH clearances, urine flow, filtration fraction, electrolyte excretion and blood volume studies were performed on 43 term vaginally delivered female normal infants during the first 12 hours of life and 26 during the 2nd to the 5th day of age. The umbilical cords of 22 infants were clamped within 5 seconds after birth and in 47 infants, the cords were clamped after their arterial pulsation had stopped.Compared with the late clamped infants, the blood volume, red cell volume and venous hematocrit were lower in the early clamped infants during the first five days of life. The urine flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), PAH clearance and effective renal blood flow were also lower in the early clamped infants during the first 12 hours of life, presumably due to the lower blood volume and blood pressures. At 2‐5 days of age, the urine flow, GFR, PAH clearance and effective renal blood flow were the same in both groups of infants in spite of persistent difference in blood volume. The early clamped infants apparently achieved renal adaptation through means other than blood volume compensation.Data on electrolyte metabolism suggest that the late clamped infants filtered and reabsorbed larger amount of sodium than the early clamped infants during the first 6 hours of life, accompanied by a greater urine flow. These findings were appropriately achieved by the kidney in the process of body fluid regulation in response to the vascular distension and fluid transudation resulting from placental blood transfusion at birt

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNine cases of expansive infantile hydro‐cephalus were investigated by injecting Small amounts of I131‐Diodrast intra‐ventricularly. Urinary excretion of the tracer was determined during the first 4‐5 hours after injection. The cumulative excretion of Diodrast from the C.S.F. differs in cases with communicating hydrocephalus from those with stenosis of the aqueduct. The investigation is rapid and easily performed and has not produced any side

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn connection with blood exchange transfusions carried out on forty newborn infants it has been found that the majority of the newborns requiring exchange transfusion have metabolic acidosis increasing to possibly critical severity by the end the exchange transfusion. The acidosis, however, is soon normalized spontaneously. Pretreatment with sodium bicarbonate infusion normalizes the pretrans fusion shift in acid‐base balance and vents the development of a severe acidosis following the exchange transfusion without risking a subsequent alkalosis.Before exchange transfusion a slight hypernatraemia has often been observed and this increases transiently after blood exchange. Pretreatment with infusion did not modify this phenomenon. In our material no hyperpotassaemia has been encountered by the end of ex‐ change transfusion. I n response to pre‐treatment with sodium bicarbonate infusion the plasma K+level decreased slightly.By promoting the conjugation of bilirubin to proteins, pretreatment with sodium bicarbonate may presumably improve also the efficiency of the exchange transfusion; this, however, requires further

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY