摘要:

ABSTRACT.Research on infant feeding practices indicate distinct social class‐ and country‐specific patterns for breastfeeding. In industrialized countries educated upper class women breastfeed more often than women from lower classes and discriminated ethnic minorities. The reverse is true for developing countries, with high rates among traditional groups and low rates among the educated upper class women. The reasons for these discrepancies need to be studied to find more effective promotional messages for these groups of mothers in which the current rate of breastfeeding is low. Possible reasons leading to different attitudes toward breastfeeding in different socioeconomical and cultural environments are discus

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11156.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.We studied the influence of method of delivery on TcB readings at the forehead and sternum in full term neonates in the first week of life. Our present study demonstrated that TcB readings at the forehead and sternum of the infants delivered by cesarean section were significantly lower than readings from infants delivered vaginally without complications, from day 1 to day 7 of life (p<0.05). This is probably due to the decreased placental transfusion at cesarean section. The present study suggests that the degree of placental transfusion or time of cord clamping may be more influential than meconium passage or weight loss on serum bilirubin levels in the first week of life.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11157.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The effects of pancuronium bromide on the cardiovascular system and fluid balance in preterm ventilated neonates was investigated. Infants were selectively paralysed if actively expiring. Their results were compared to a control group of similar gestational age, ventilated during the same study period, but who received no paralysing agent. There was no significant difference in the blood pressure of the two groups. Treatment with pancuronium was not associated with differences in blood pressure variability. All paralysed infants showed a significant reduction in heart rate variability which persisted during treatment. This was not present in the control infants. Paralysed infants, despite fluid restriction, had evidence of fluid retention, being significantly heavier than the control babies from day 3 onwards and above their birthweight by day 7. No paralysed or control infant developed a pneumothorax or renal failure. We conclude that selective treatment with pancuronium is without adverse effects on blood pressure but strict attention to fluid balance is essential.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11158.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Bone mineral content was measured by single photon absorptiometry at the right mid humerus of 122 appropriate and 35 light for gestational age newborn infants born after 26 to 42 weeks of gestation. Bone mineral content was 2.4 times greater at the mid humerus than at the distal radius. Even in extremely low birth weight infants reproducible measurements were possible at the mid humerus. Light for gestational age infants showed a lower bone mineral content than appropriate for gestational age infants when bone mineral content was related to gestational age. When related to birthweight (g) bone mineral content showed a similar linear relationship in light for gestational age (mg/cm = 44.2+0.037 weight) and appropriate for gestational age (mg/cm = 39.4+0.040 weight) infants. For all 177 infants the relationship was mg/cm = 32.3+0.045 weight (r=0.91). It is concluded that in growing preterm infants bone mineral content should be assessed in relation to weight rather than to age.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11159.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Audiometry was performed at four years of age in 69 of 105 surviving children who had received continuous intravenous infusion of gentamicin during neonatal intensive care. A hearing loss of 20 dB was found in 2 of them (3 %), corresponding to that shown in other studies of survivors following neonatal intensive care. Free field audiometry performed in another 7 children and questionnaires returned from 13 of the remaining 29 gave no suspicion of hearing loss. Thus there is no indication that continuous 24 hours intravenous infusion of gentamicin causes more hearing impairment than intermittent intravenous or intramuscular administration.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11160.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.We studied the interinstrumental variability of the transcutaneous bilirubin meter (TcB) in 35 high risk neonates, using eight commercially available TcB instruments. Our study showed that commercially available TcB instruments were stable and had little interinstrumental variability for repeated TcB measurements at the forehead, chest, and sternum.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11161.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In a study of the relationship between exposure to icterogenic agents, G‐6‐PD deficiency and severe neonatal jaundice (NNJ) (serum bilirubin 3±205 umol/I) in 234 Nigerian term male neonates, 106 infants with severe NNJ and 128 controls, it was found that 62.3 % of the jaundiced infants and 13.3 % of the infants without NNJ were G6PD deficient (p<0.01). The proportion of infants exposed to icterogenic agents in the two groups was very similar (p<0.5). There was a strong association between exposure to icterogenic agents and NNJ in 83 G6PD deficient infants (p<0.01), but there was no association between exposure to icterogenic agents and NNJ in the whole group of 234 infants or in 151 infants with normal G6PD status. It is concluded that there is an association between genetically determined G‐6‐PD deficiency and exogenous agents in causing severe NNJ in Nigerian

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11162.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In general, prostanoids act as local mediators, not as circulating hormones. A specific exception to this rule is the infusion of prostaglandin E1in patients with ductus arteriosus‐depend‐ent pulmonary or systemic blood flow associated with congenital heart disease. We therefore measured prostaglandin E, plasma levels by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry during effective infusion of prostaglandin E1in 10 neonates. Prostaglandin E1plasma levels ranged from 22 to 530 (median 56) pg/ml in these patients. Since prostaglandin E1is not synthesized endogenously to any significant extent, these plasma concentrations constitute genuine circulating levels not confounded by the common problem of e vivo artifacts. If endogenous prostanoids (e.g. prostaglandin E2) are suspected as circulating mediators, plasma levels detected by reliable methods ought to be in the same range as prostaglandin E1plasma levels in the present investig

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A questionnaire measuring food frequency was validated against 7‐day records of food intake in a group of 30 children, 2–16 years of age. Special emphasis was given to the ability of the questionnaire to estimate frequency of intake of foods of particular interest in diabetes mel‐litus. Fifteen children had insulin‐dependent diabetes; 15 were healthy. Comparison of the two methods regarding frequency of foods with high content of sucrose, protein, fat, fibres, nitrite or vitamin C showed a correlation of 0.52–0.76. The frequency of intake of some staple foods was often overestimated by the questionnaire, while the frequency of meat, sausage and some sweet snacks was underestimated. The use of the questionnaire to identify high or low consumers of the mentioned nutrients showed a rather low sensitivity (0.38–0.50), but a high specificity (0.86–1.0) when compared with results of the 7‐day record. In our limited sample of subjects no systematic differences were found comparing sexes or diabetic and healthy children. A food frequency questionnaire may, in spite of some important reservations, be a useful tool for screening purposes when more time‐consuming and resource‐demanding met

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In 1930 a nutrition survey was made of 1675 school children in the county of Västerbotten in northern Sweden. In 1967 a second survey was carried out in the same area, covering 1411 children aged 4, 8 and 13 years. A third survey was carried out in 1980 of 572 children in the same age groups. In the first survey questionnaires concerning food consumption were used, in the two later surveys 24‐hour recall of food intake was recorded. Underweight and iron deficiency anaemia were prevalent in 1930. Since then socio‐economic conditions have improved dramatically and dietary habits have become more diversified. In the last study the average energy intake had decreased from 100 to 87 % of the RDA. A slight increase in the prevalence of overweight among 13‐year‐old children was also noted. The fat intake was lower in 1980 than in 1967, but the P/S‐ratio was still low (0.23). The iron intake reached a satisfactory level in the two later studies and no case of iron‐deficiency anaemia was found in 1980. In spite of a relatively frequent sucrose intake dental health had improved as a consequence of other prophylactic activities. The malnutrition problems of 1930 have been eradicated but new nutritional problems, linked to the risk of developing obesity and health problems in adulthood such as coronary heart disease, call for new preventiv

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY