ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.An oral rehydration solution (ORS) containing 60 mmol/l of Na'(ORS60) was compared in a randomized trial with the ORS of WHO formula (Na+90 mmol/l = ORS90) for the treatment of diarrhoeal dehydration in 66 hospitalized infants aged 3 to 34 months. The infants had a 5±3 % dehydration, and received within 6–10 hours 76±32 ml/kg of ORS60or 74±41 ml/kg of ORS90corresponding to a sodium input of 4.6±1.9 mmol/kg and 6.6±3.7 mmol/kg, respectively. Both treatments were found adequate and equally effective for the correction of dehydration and sodium deficit. The same ORSMwas also compared to a commercial low sodium glucose‐electrolyte solution (sodium 35 mmol/l, glucose 3.5 g/1) for ambulatory treatment of acute diarrhoea in infants. Satisfactory rehydration was achieved within 6 hours in 19 of 23 infants receiving ORS60as opposed to 6 of 18 infants receiving the commercial solution (p<0.001); the poor result with the latter was in most cases attributed to a refusal by the infant to consume the sweetish solution. It is concluded that ORS60is suitable for the treatment of isotonic diarrhoeal dehydration in hospitalized children as well as out

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Infants aged 4 to 36 months with acute diarrhoea (rotavirus 66 %) were treated as outpatients with oral fluids and a rapid return to full feedings. In addition, the infants were randomized to receive for 3 days either cholestyramine 2 g twice daily (N= 10), an equivalent placebo 2 g twice daily (N=15), or loperamide 0.10 mg/kg divided in three doses(N=16).The duration of watery diarrhoea from the beginning of treatment was 0.9±1.0 days in the cholestyramine group, 2.5±1.3 days in the loperamide group, and 3.3±1.6 days in the placebo group (P<0.001 cholestyramine vs. placebo, p<0.005 cholestyramine vs. loperamide). The infants receiving cholestyramine also had a better weight gain than those receiving the placebo, and their metabolic acidosis was corrected sooner. There was no hyperchloraemia associated with the cholestyramine treatment. It is concluded that cholestyramine 2 g twice daily for 3 days can be safely used to shorten the course of acute diarrhoea. The use of loperamide in acute infantile diarrhoea does not appear justifi

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Sequential samples of colostrum, transitional and mature milk from 47 women were investigated to determine the concentrations of US IgA, IgG, IgM, α1, ‐antitrypsin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, B,A globulin (C3) and B,E globulin (C4) by single radial immunodiffusion. These were all found to be high in colostrum with a decline in concentration as lactation proceeds although a wide variation in concentration was noted between different individuals at any given post‐partum time interval. For each time interval considered, parity, age and maturity of pregnancy did not appear to influence significantly the variation in protein concentrations. Statistical analyses of the results obtained from samples taken during the first four days of lactation, when protein concentrations were highest, showed that parity and age did influence the variation in antimicrobial protein concentrations when examined using an analysis of variance but significantly higher concentrations of protective proteins were not consistently seen in the milk from any one or more parity or age groups. Mean concentrations of all proteins excluding IgA were found to be greater in those women delivering before their expected date of confinement during the first four days of lactation. This was statistically signficant for C3 and C4 and approaching significance (p<0.08) for α1‐anti

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Concentrations of circulating antibodies against bovine serum albumin were significantly increased in six children with recurrent pulmonary aspiration (mean: 5.54 μg BSA‐N/ml, range: 2.05‐12.87 μg BSA‐N/ml; mean value of 76 control infants: 0.38 μg BSA‐N/ml, 95 % confidence interval: 0‐0.98 fig BSA‐N/ml, p<0.001) as determined by radioimmuno‐assay. IgG‐ and IgA‐isotypes against bovine serum albumin, lactalbumin, lactoglobulin, casein and gammaglobulin were determined in four patients by enzyme‐linked‐immuno‐sorbent‐assay. Significant differences between patients and controls were found for IgG‐antibodies against casein and bovine serum albumin and IgA‐antibodies against alpha‐lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin. Under certain conditions, stimulation of bronchus‐associated lymphoid tissue may lead to a higher immune response than oral immunization. Determination of milk antibodies may be helpful in the diagnos

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The effect of two doses of Phosphorus (P) supplementation to pooled breast milk (BM): 0.48 and 0.800 mmol/kg/24 h given during the second month of life was evaluated in 22 very low birthweight infants. The concentration of calcium and phosphorus in serum and urine, the serum concentration of immunoreactive parathyroid hormon (iPTH) and the plasma 1,25‐dihydroxy‐vitamin D concentration (1,25‐OH‐D) were compared to the values in 19 control infants. The mean ± SD concentrations in control infants and adults are 63 ±18 ulEq/ml for serum iPTH and 85±pmol/l for plasma 1,25‐OH‐D. With 0.48 P supplementation, urinary Ca (UCa) excretion (median and range) 0.238 mmol/kg/24 h (0.105‐0.520) was lower than in the control group 0.288 (0.205‐0.679) (p<0.05); the reduction of UCa was larger with 0.8 P supplementation: 0.047 (0.023‐0.163) (p<0.01). P supplementation induced no change in serum Ca concentration but a slight and significant increase in serum iPTH was observed only with the 0.8 P supplementation: 55 μl Eq/ml (<25‐80) (p<0.05). With 0.8 P supplementation there was no significant change of plasma 1,25‐OH‐D concentration: 173 μmol/l (106‐271) vs. 255 (132‐293) in the control group. These data show that with 0.8 P supplementation, the hypercalciuria in BM‐fed infant disappears without secondary hyperparathyroidism, but without any change

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels were measured in 13 premature infants during the first 96 hours of life. Hypocalcemia at 12–24 hours of age was associated with a markedly elevated mean serum iPTH level. Six of the hypocaicemic infants received a continuous infusion of calcium while seven were not treated. In the untreated infants, the mean serum calcium remained in the hypocaicemic range while the serum iPTH progressively increased. By contrast, the mean serum calcium in the treated infants increased to 2.35 mmol/l at 96 hours of age and was accompanied by a decline in serum iPTH. At 72 and 96 hours, the mean serum iPTH was twofold greater in the untreated than in the treated infants. The results indicate that the parathyroid glands of premature infants respond to calcium signals and that a factor(s), other than parathyroid insufficiency, plays an etiologic role in the hypocalcemia of prematurit

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.We measured bone γ‐carboxyglutamic acid‐containing protein (BGP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (Al‐P) in paired maternal and cord sera, and urinary γ‐carboxyglutamic acid (γ‐GIa) in neonates. The circulating BGP was 41.21±2.47 ng/ml and 7.44±0.87 ng/ml in the cord (n=15) and the maternal (n=14) sera, respectively. The urinary γ‐GIa in the neonates was 147.68 ± 10.75 μ.mol/g creatinine (n=15). The cord serum BGP was significantly higher than the normal adult level. The maternal serum BGP was at the same level as in other adults. It is conceivable that the fetus may produce BGP during gestation, as the cord serum BGP level was significantly higher than the maternal level and there was no correlation between the cord and maternal serum BGP concentrations. The reason for the elevated circulating BGP level in the cord serum is not known, but increased bone turnover may be a factor. The cord serum BGP may include not only carboxylated but also non‐γ‐carboxylated BGP because of fe

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A selected group of 12 breast‐fed infants were studied for insensible weight loss over the first year of life. The method used to determine the insensible weight loss was non‐invasive and based on a computerized weighing system. Findings indicate that the insensible weight loss in a one‐year‐old child reaches 36%of the average insensible weight loss reached in adulthood (360 g/day). Furthermore, the insensible weight loss (g/h/kg) was constant at about 1.9 g per kilogram per hour over the first year of life. Insensible weight loss contains two components, insensible water loss (92 %) and metabolic losse

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Nine preterm newborn infants who were maintained on conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory diseases were given high frequency jet ventilation in the same inspired FiO2for short periods (10‐120 min). Lower mean airway pressures were used in high frequency jet ventilation (0.70±0.2 kPa versus 0.96±0.2 kPa in intermittent positive pressure ventilation), and peak inspiratory pressures were reduced from 2.06±0.4 to 1.38±0.24 kPa. Respiratory and haemodynamic data were compared with those obtained in intermittent positive pressure ventilation, Pa02and Pc02were similar, while an increase in pH and reduction of central venous pressure were observed during high frequency jet ventilation. This preliminary study indicates that high frequency jet ventilation provides good ventilatory support, at least for short periods, with reduced airway pressures, and could be a promising technique for prevention of acute and chronic pulmonary barot

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY