ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11501.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.As part of our work aiming at facilitation of growth screening, we analyzed the growth of 741 healthy infants from birth to 2 years of age. We 1) show that weight depends on length rather than age, 2) present new growth standards in a format which allows direct reading of relative length and relative weight, and 3) define the normal variation of changes over different periods in terms of relative length (SD score, SDS) and relative weight (deviation of weight from the median weight for length and sex, % DW). The group mean values for changes in length SDS and % DW were zero, but there were wide individual variations, which decreased with age and length. We present curves defining these variations for use in growth screening.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11502.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.To provide for early detection of abnormal changes in growth, we propose the monitoring of all children for changes in relative height and relative weight as indirect indicators of growth velocity. To this end we analyzed the growth of 2156 children, as recorded by the child health surveillance services at ages 2 to 19 years. From their data we constructed growth standards on charts of a novel type, which allow direct reading of relative height (SD score, SDS) and relative weight (percentage deviation of weight from median weight for height and sex, % DW). Variation in height explained most (mean 60%) of the variation in weight, and age did not contribute significantly. Hence, our weight charts are height‐based. Next, we defined the variations of changes in (Δ) SDS and %DW during the different periods of growth. The group means of changes in each period were zero. Variation in ΔSDS is widest at the earliest ages, then decreases until year 9‐10 (girls) and 10‐11 (boys), and again increases. For Δ%DW the picture is similar. We present these variations as diagrams for use in growth s

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11503.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Detailed investigations of breast‐milk calcium concentrations during 2 years of lactation have been conducted in Cambridge, UK, and rural Gambia. Mature milk concentrations remained steady for 3 months but declined during months 4‐12 by over 25% (p<0.001). The pattern was identical in both communities despite differences in breast‐feeding practices. Calcium concentrations were not related to feed frequency or breast‐milk sodium concentrations, suggesting that breast involution is not responsible for the decrease after 3 months. Breast‐milk calcium concentrations were characteristic of the individual, varied twofold between mothers and were independent of maternal age, parity and milk output. Gambian breast‐milk contained 19% less calcium than Cambridge milk, throughout lactation (p<0.001). The extent to which this reflected the lower calcium intakes of Gambian mothers is unknown. Further studies are required to determine factors regulating breast‐milk calc

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11504.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and hemodynamic parameters were investigated in five premature infants undergoing exchange transfusion. Baseline values of ANP were 51.7 ± 21.2 fmol/ml. Volume depletion by withdrawal of 10 ml blood did not cause changes in systolic blood pressure (79.4 ± 4.3 vs. 71.4 ± 5.6 mmHg) and heart rate (115 ± 5.2 vs. 115 ± 2.4 b/min). ANP levels in plasma remained unaltered (53.4 ± 24.9 fmol/ml). Replacement of 10 ml blood increased central venous pressure by 33% and ANP concentration in the plasma by nearly 30%, while heart rate and blood pressure remained unchanged. Our data indicate that the heart of the premature infant responded to acute blood replacement with increased ANP‐release, while blood removal appeared not to influence hormone reg

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11505.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.We evaluated the efficacy and safety of an oral rehydration solution containing glycyl‐glycine, glycine, and maltodextrin (GGG‐ORS), in comparison to the glucose based ORS (standard ORS). The osmolality of the GGG‐ORS (305 mOsm/1) and standard ORS (311 mOsm/1) was similar. Ninety‐two children presenting with acute gastroenteritis and moderate dehydration, aged 3 months to 3 years, were randomly assigned to receive standard ORS or GGG‐ORS. All the patients were successfully rehydrated orally. The two groups were comparable for baseline characteristics including the microbial etiology. Rotavirus (49%, 36%), ETEC (11%, 18%) or a combination of rotavirus and ETEC (15%, 9%) were the main stool pathogens isolated. There was no significant difference in the mean stool output or duration of diarrhoea between the two groups. Patients in the GGG‐ORS group had higher urine output (p<0.01) and weight gain (p<0.05) in the initial 6 hours when feeding was withheld, but no such differences were observed beyond this period. Hypernatremia did not develop in any patient during the study. We conclude that glycine and glycyl‐glycine supplemented oral rehydration solution does not have any therapeutic advantage in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis with moderate dehydration caused predominantly

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The relationship between clinical disease activity, rectal inflammatory activity and mucosal inflammation established at total colonoscopy has been studied in 36 young patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 24 with Crohn's colitis (CC). Semiformed stools, diarrhea and frequent bowel movements seem to be better indicators of extensive mucosal inflammation of a moderate or severe degree than blood in faeces. There were, however, several patients with a discrepancy between the degree of clinical disease activity and the extent and degree of mucosal inflammation at endoscopic and histologic assessment. In about one‐third of the patients with UC and in about half of the patients with CC, who had mucosal inflammatory activity of a moderate or severe degree, the rectal inflammatory activity was of a lower degree. Total colonoscopy seems to be necessary in order to establish the extent and degree of mucosal inflammatio

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11507.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The respiratory burst of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was investigated in 24 children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and 24 healthy controls. This oxygen dependent, membrane associated process generates a number of toxic oxygen metabolites which are implicated in the pathogenesis of endothelial damage. The activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was studied in terms of luminol amplified chemiluminescence. It was found that the resting luminol amplified chemiluminescence activity of isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes from diabetic children was significantly higher than that of controls (342000±174000 cpm vs. 165000±82000 cpm, p80%). When the ratio of phorbol myristate acetate stimulated activity to basal activity was calculated and used as an activation index, it was found to be significantly reduced in diabetics relative to controls (4.29 ± 2.46 vs. 8.34±3.21, p<0.01). These observations suggest that increased release of toxic oxygen metabolites from polymorphonuclear leukocytes in diabetic subjects may play a role in the development of diabetic angiopath

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11508.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) induced by cranial irradiation has become a frequent indication of hGH substitutive therapy. This study analyses the growth response to hGH therapy and the factors involved in the decrease in growth velocity observed after cranial irradiation. One hundred children (61 boys and 39 girls) given cranial radiation for pathology distant from the hypothalamo‐pituitary area were studied. Fifty‐six of them received hGH therapy for GHD resulting in decreased growth velocity. The initial annual height gain in the cranial‐irradiated group was comparable to that of patients treated for idiopathic GHD; additional spinal irradiation significantly reduced the growth response. Twenty‐eight hGH‐treated patients reached final heights which were compared to those of 2 untreated irradiated groups, one with GHD (n=27) and the other with normal GH secretion (n= 17). The height SD score changes observed in hGH therapy were +0.3 in the cranial (n=10) and ‐ 1.2 SD in the craniospinal (n = 18) groups. GH deficiency had contributed to a mean height loss of 1 SD and spinal irradiation to a loss of 1.4 SD. The small effect of hGH therapy on final height is probably linked to the small bone age retardation at onset of hGH therapy and to the fact that irradiated children entered puberty at a younger age in terms of chronological age (10.6±0.3 yr in girls and 11.0± 0.3 yr in boys) and bone age (9.6 ± 0.4 yr in girls and 12.6 ± 0.3 in boys) than the idiopathic GHD patients. These data suggest that the results of hGH therapy in irradiated children might be improved with higher and more fractionated hGH doses and, in some patients, by delaying puberty using luteinizing hormone releasing

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A prospective epidemiological study of febrile convulsions (FC) was performed during a 20‐month period. 128 children with FCs were identified. The annual first attendance rate and annual incidence rate were 500/100 000 and 460/100 000 respectively, in the age group 0–4 years. The cumulative incidence was 4.1%. FCs were more common among boys, with a male to female ratio of 1.72 to 1. The median and mean age for first FC was for boys 16 and 19.9 months respectively, and for girls 18 and 19.7 months respectively. During an average follow‐up period of 20 months, 18% had another FC and 10% had two or more FCs. 8.6% had an initial complicated FC. Four children had FCs within two weeks after being vaccinated by combined vaccine against morbilli, rubella and parotitis. Three of these had earlier had

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11510.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY