摘要:

SummaryThe different immunoglobulins G, M, A and D were studied in 65 infants with birth weights less than 2500 g, during their first weeks of life. The initial IgG concentration was very well correlated to gestational age, but by no means so well correlated to birth weight. Infants of low gestational age had, on the average, low IgG concentrations at birth and in the course of their first months of life there was a tendency towards more or less pronounced hypogammaglobulinaemia. Infants with low birth weights had, as a rule, a good capacity for early IgM synthesis but the increase in IgM levels during the first few weeks of life was, however, considerably less rapid in infants of very low gestational age. This may be due to the fact that such infants are less exposed to infections, owing to incubator care and various kinds of precautions. It may also, however, be an expression of an inferior capacity for IgM synthesis in these infants. As regards immunoglobulins A and D in infants with low birth weights, no pronounced differences were found on comparison with previous findings in full‐term infant

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb07307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe motor conduction velocities, in the ulnar and peroneal nerves of newborn infants, of various postmenstrual ages were studied. It was found that:1. The conduction velocities, in children of a short gestational age is significantly lower than those of fullterm infants.2. The conduction velocities, of the peroneal nerve, is slightly but significantly lower than those of the ulnar nerve, in both groups of children.It is also concluded that the determination of motor conduction velocities seems to be an additional method, of value, in assessing the degree of maturity at birth, and in determining the gestational age.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb07308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAs a part of the comprehensive program of investigation which is being conducted by the Children's Nutrition Unit in Ethiopia, it was considered essential to determine the incidence of antibodies to a number of important pathogens, in order to obtain an idea of the previous disease history and present state of immunity of the children. The material comprised sera fram 525 children of ages 5–11 years from those localities in which the project has established field activities.Poliomyelitis:The incidence of antibodies to poliomyelitis virus was very high, and 56–69 % of the children studied were positive for all three types. The titre levels were studied in a small series, and these showed high values.Morbilli:Antibodies to morbilli virus were found to occur in 60 to 86% of the children in the different regions.Rickettsial diseases:The incidence of antibodies toR. akari, R. burnetiandR. prowazekiwas studied, and in all regions a very low frequency of positive titres was found.Pertussis:The antibody incidence was very low throughout, and in two regions no antibodies were found.Streptococcal infection:The AST titres lay at a high level, with 43% of the children over 200 units/ml and 13% over 400 units/ml.Salmonellosis:The titre levels of Salmonella BO, CO and DO were low, and the frequency of positive titres varied between 7% and 51%.Syphilis:Kline's test was performed on sera from 313 children, and only one positive reaction was found.Toxoplasmosis:The incidence of positive findings varied between 7% and 46% in the different regions.Schistosomiasis:The incidence of antibodies toSchistosoma mansoniwas studied in 213 sera, all of which were negat

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb07309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn outbreak of aseptic meningitis broke out in a limited residential area of Jerusalem, Israel, in the early summer of 1967. The patients, whose ages varied from 15 months to 10 years, presented a clinical picture of acute meningitis. Nuchal rigidity, positive Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs and high temperature were noted in all cases.Examination of the CSF revealed pleocytosis, mostly of mononuclear cells.Echovirus 9 was isolated from the CSF of 5 patients and from a throat swab and rectal swab taken from the sixth patient.The outbreak lasted for 5 weeks, and all the patients recovered completely.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb07310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn seven out of nine patients with homocystinuria, electromyographic examination suggested a myopathy. The E. M. G. was also abnormal and of myopathic type in three of the parents. The implication of this finding in homocystinuria and in unaffected relatives is discussed. It is concluded that there is a muscle lesion in homocystinuria which is probably myopathic and is one factor producing the peculiar gait present in this disease.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb07311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNeutralizing antibodies against poliovirus were studied among 124 Norwegian school children, 80 of whom received three doses of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine during the study, the remaining 44 were older siblings to vaccinees.Eighty per cent of 46 children with no previous Salk immunization lacked demonstrable antibodies against all three types of poliovirus at school entry. Among previously Salk vaccinated children, a considerable number seemed to be without antibody protection against type 1 and type 3.Antibody response to oral vaccine as measured by sero‐conversion ranged between 81 and 100 per cent.Spread of vaccine strains to older siblings was demonstrated serologicall

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb07312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe amino acid pattern in the urine and serum was investigated in two cases of cystinosis before and on treatment with a diet low in methionine and cystine. The cerebrospinal fluid and the liver were studied two months after dietary treatment was started. The urinary amino acids in both cases were increased, similarly as in the Fanconi syndrome. Some of the amino acids occurred in elevated amounts in serum. The aminoaciduria, therefore, must be extrarenal as well as renal in origin. The treatment with the methionine and cystine poor diet did not produce a great change in the concentration of the urinary and serum amino acids, but the amino acids showed a slight tendency towards normalization. The cerebrospinal fluid and the liver showed high levels of cystine.Clinically there was an obvious improvement on the dietary regimen with increased well‐being, reduction of fluid intake and diuresis as well as a fall in blood urea and an increase in specific gravity of the urine. The rate of growth has been unchanged so far.Whether all these positive findings are due to the reduced protein intake or to the reduced amounts of methionine and cystine in the diet, is difficult to decide at the present tim

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb07313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe clinical and biochemical features of a case of methylmalonic acidemia, a newly described inborn error of metabolism, are reported.The cardinal feature was chronic metabolic acidosis which was controlled by restriction of the protein intake. Periodically, exacerbations with vomiting, dehydration, lethargy, coma, and even peripheral circulatory failure have appeared. The crisis have been induced by trivial acute infections and by overloading with protein. Mild symptoms appeared in the neonatal period, crises after an age of 4 months. When the protein intake was high, there was marked muscular hypotonia, developmental retardation, and neutropenia. When acidosis was controlled by protein restriction and treatment with bicarbonate the baby made marked progress. At 23/12 years of age the development was normal.The patient excreted large amounts of methylmalonic acid in the urine and the blood level was elevated. Other biochemical abnormalities were hyperglycinemia, hyperglycinuria, and hyperlactatemia.The hypothesis that the basic metabolic defect in methylmalonic acidemia and the ketotic type of hyperglycinemia is the same is discussed, as are the similarities between methylmalonic acidemia and infantile lactic acidosis.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb07314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIntestinal malabsorption of lactose and sucrose, and the effect of these disaccharides on the movements of water and electrolytes were studied in two siblings with congenital lactose malabsorption (CLM) and one infant with congenital sucroseisomaltose malabsorption (CSIM), using the intestinal intubation technique.Sucrose in the CLM‐patients and lactose in the CSIM‐patient were absorbed already in the proximal part of the small intestine, whereas hardly any lactose in CLM and sucrose in CSIM disappeared from the small intestinal lumen. The unabsorbed disaccharides caused considerable movement of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen test fluid being diluted to 1 1/2–2 1/2 times in the duodenum and proximal jejunum. The contents of the small intestine were throughout isoosmotic with extracellular fluid and the unabsorbed disaccharides represented 25–30% of the osmotic activity.In the colon, the unabsorbed disaccharides disappeared in varying degree, they were split into monosaccharides and converted to lactate. Water, Na+and Cl‐were absorbed in the colon even in relative excess to the disappearance of the disaccharide and its splitting products, and in all cases the faecal volume was smaller than the volume of the test fluid. In a CLM‐patient a 3‐week period on lactose‐containing diet had no effect on the phenomena demonstrated in the small intestine, but disappearance of lactose and formation of lactate was greater in the colon, and amount of water less in the stools than before.It is suggested that the retention of water in the intestinal lumen through the osmotic activity of the unabsorbed disaccharide, together with the organism's tendency to Na+‐equilibrium between the luminal and extracellular fluid is the most important mechanism of diarrhoea in disacchar

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb07315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe diurnal variation of serum iron found in healthy adults was evaluated in two groups of children of different ages. No variation was found in 12 children aged 2 weeks to 20 months. In contrast, there was a significant variation of the per cent relative change of serum iron from a. m. to p. m. for a group of 12 children from 3 to 14 years of age. These results support the evidence for the late appearance of a biological “clock” in child

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb07316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY