摘要:

To identify which parameter showed the strongest correlation with neonatal body fat store, when the ratios for assessing both weight‐for‐length and the mid‐arm circumference to head circumference (MAC/HC) were included in the analysis, body anthropometrics and skinfold thickness were measured in 250 full‐term and 125 preterm infants. Among the study cases, 66.7% were appropriate for gestational age, 26.7% were small for gestational age and 6.7% were large for gestational age. Sum of the skinfold thickness measured at the midtricepital and subscapular areas correlated well with body anthropometrics, weight/length ratio, body mass index, ponderal index and mid‐arm circumference to head circumference ratio. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that the weight/length ratio correlated best with skinfold thickness in both full‐term and preterm newborn infants. Therefore, the simple weightllength ratio might be useful for evaluation of the nutritional status of intrauterine growth, and in the prediction of metabolic complications in both full‐term and preterm newborns with abnormal intrau

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12715.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Urine output following administration of a low‐dose dopamine infusion was assessed in 20 very immature infants (median gestational age 27 weeks). Prior to the infusion, all infants had had a period of anuria. Urine output improved significantly during the second 24 h after commencing the infusion but, at that time period, urine output was greater than 2 ml/kg/h (designated a good response) in only 13 infants. There was no significant difference in gestational age, birth weight, period of anuria or fluid input of infants who had a good or a poor response to dopamine. Although the baseline blood pressure did not differ significantly between these two groups, the increase in blood pressure resulting from dopamine administration was significantly greater in those infants with a good response in urine output (p<0.02). We conclude that low‐dose dopamine infusion can improve urine output in very immature infants. Our results suggest that there may be inter‐individual variation in the sensitivity to dop

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12716.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ninety‐eight newborn infants, less than 34 weeks at birth, were studied to examine the relationship between newborn hypotension and hypoxemia and brain damage. Heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen tension were recorded continuously during the 96 h following delivery. Outcome measures included neuropathology in children who died, and motor and cognitive development at one year corrected age in children who survived. There were 22 children with a minor and 27 with a major abnormal outcome. There was a relationship between newborn hypotension, newborn hypoxemia and low birth weight, and a major abnormal outcome. The probability of a major abnormal outcome increased from 8% in newborns with no hypotension or hypoxemia, to 53% in children with both hypotension and hypoxemia. These findings support the contention that combinations of sustained newborn hypotension and hypoxemia are important factors in the development of brain damage, accounting for a major abnormal outcom

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12717.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Postnatal growth was followed in a population‐based group of 123 small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA, birth weight<‐2 SD) children (66 boys and 57 girls) to four years of age in order to determine the incidence and time of catch‐up growth. Gestational age was determined by ultrasound in gestational weeks 16–17 in all pregnancies, thus eliminating the problem of distinguishing between SGA and preterm infants. Infants with well‐defined causes for slow growth rate, i.e. those infants with chromosomal disorders, severe malformations, intrauterine viral infections or cerebral palsy, were excluded. The boys showed an extremely fast weight catch‐up, 85% of them reaching weights greater than ‐2 SD at the age of three months and remaining above this level to the end of the study period. Such a fast catch‐up growth was observed in only two‐thirds of the girls, but at four years of age 85?4 of the girls were also above ‐2SD. Length catch‐up was more gradual than weight catch‐up. Of the boys, 54% had lengths below ‐2 SD at birth, 26% at 1 year of age, 22% at 2 years of age, 17% at 2.5 years of age and 11% (n= 8) at 4 years of age. Corresponding figures for girls were: 69% at birth, 28%) at 1 year, 15% at 2 years, 12% at 2.5 years and 5%) (n =3) at 4 years. At 4 years of age, only six boys and three girls remained below ‐2 SD for both weight and height. We conclude that in Sweden the prognosis for catch‐up growth for an SGA child, when children with well‐defined causes of growth disturbances are excluded, is very good and it is extremely rare for the child still to have a hei

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12718.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To predict height at five years in a cohort of 565 very preterm and/or very low‐birth‐weight children, hypothesized growth determinants were subjected to discriminant analysis. Many neonatal parameters were not significantly associated with short stature at five years of age. A correct classification of stature (smaller/larger than the 10th percentile at five years of age) could be obtained in 85% of children, using the following variables: height at two years of age; total (or mid) parental height; parental level of education; length at one year of age; hypertension during pregnancy; sex; weight at two years of age; length percentile at one year of age. However, when compared to actual longitudinal data, the false‐positive rate was 37%. The survey also demonstrated the continuing catch‐up growth in very preterm and very low‐birth‐weight infants after two y

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To determine which assessments are useful, at what age, in order to identify handicaps in very Iow‐birth‐weight infants, neonatal cerebral ultrasound findings, neurological examinations and the mental scale of the Bayley Infant Scales of Development at 1 and 2 years of age were examined in relation to neurodevelopmental outcome at 3.6 years of age in a cohort of 79 high‐risk very low‐birth‐weight infants. At 3.6 years of age, a minor handicap was found in 9 (11%) and a major handicap in 4 (5%) children. Cerebral palsy was found in 9 (11%) children at 3.6 years of age and could only be diagnosed reliably at 2 years of age. For short‐term follow‐up, as feedback to the neonatalogist, the positive predictive value of intraparenchymal damage, as detected by neonatal cerebral ultrasound, was greater than the positive predictive value of a definitely abnormal neurological examination at 1 year of age. Visual handicaps (n= 4, 5%) and severe hearing deficits (n= 1, 1 %) were all detected in the first year of life. A mental handicap was found in 7 (9%) children. It was impossible to predict mental handicaps for the individual child. Only 35% of the children with a mental delay at 2 years of age had a mental handicap at 3.6 years of age, whereas 35% had a normal cognitive outcome. Pediatricians therefore should be cautious in the interpretation of developmental tcst results in infancy. Long‐term follow‐up is essential for the chil

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12720.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis associated withEscherichia coliO157:H7 occurred in a kindergarten in Saitama, Japan from September to November, 1990. Seven patients admitted to our hospital showed neurological manifestations: generalized seizures, impaired consciousness, urinary incontinence, gaze nystagmus, phrenic nerve palsy, action tremor and vertigo. Two patients died. On the basis of the clinical courses and laboratory findings of the seven patients and postmortem findings of one case, these neurological symptoms were suspected to be induced by the verotoxin elaborated byEscherichia coliO157:H7.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to document gender difference in aerobic capacity after cure from malignant disease in childhood. We studied 18 males and 17 females aged 11–19 years and 10–18 years, respectively. They had all completed their treatment at least two years previously. Twelve males and 11 females received anthracyclines in comparable doses (range 150–500 mg/m2). Maximal exercise tests were performed on a cycle ergometer. Maximal oxygen consumption (ml/min/kg) was significantly (p<0.001) lower only in females when compared to their controls. We postulate two causes: girls are smaller than their controls, possibly related to their higher vulnerability to cranial irradiation than boys; and girls were less involved than boys in sports. The influence of anthracycline treatment on aerobic capacity was only observed in males and not in females. This could be related to the higher exercise level in boys than in

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Little data have been published on tubular renal function during cyclosporin A treatment in children without transplants. We studied 12 young subjects (mean age 10 years) with steroid‐responsive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and with signs of steroid toxicity. After achieving remission with prednisone 60 mg/m2, 8 children started cyclosporin A therapy (6 mg/kg/day) (group A) and 4 children were given cyclophosphamide 2.5 mg/kg/day (group B). The latter were considered as controls together with 10 other children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in complete remission and off therapy (group C). We monitored creatinine clearance and tubular handling of β2‐microglobulin, sodium, phosphorus and uric acid for one year. Cyclosporin A induced a decrease in creatinine clearance with a decrease in fractional excretion of β2‐microglobulin; sodium excretion was similar in the two treated groups and a transient decrease in fractional excretion of uric acid was seen only in patients receiving cyclosporin A. Both groups showed an increased renal threshold phosphate concentration. Our results suggest that in children, cyclosporin A therapy induces a decrease in glomerular filtration rate associated with increased reabsorption activity of proximal tubula

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Freedom, Robert M., Benson, Leland N. and Smallhorn, Jeffrey F. (eds) Neonatal Heart Disease. London: Springer Verlag, 1992.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY