摘要:

ABSTRACT.Erythrocyte sodium and potassium were studied in 64 newborn infants including 21 very low birthweight infants (birthweight<1500 g) during the first three days after birth. Erythrocyte sodium showed a positive correlation with gestational age (r=0.63,p<0.01) and birthweight (r=0.66,p<0.01). Erythrocyte potassium was negatively correlated with birthweight (r= ‐0.33,p<0.05). The Na/K ratio in red blood cells showed a positive correlation with gestational age (r=0.60,p<0.01) and birthweight (r=0.65,p<0.01). In VLBW infants plasma potassium rose significantly (p<0.01) from 0–6 h to 12–30 h and decreased from 12–30 h to 30–60 h (p<0.05). Erythrocyte potassium decreased slightly from 0–6 h to 12–30 h, but not significantly. A new finding that “more immature infants have higher potassium and lower sodium concentration in RBC” may suggest a potential risk of hyperkalaemi

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11750.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Cardiac output and cerebral blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral and internal carotid arteries were investigated in eight large‐for‐date infants of insulin‐dependent diabetic mothers and 12 healthy term infants during the first four days of life using two‐dimensional/pulsed Doppler ultrasound. Temporal mean flow velocity was used as an indicator of changes in cerebral blood flow. Six of the eight infants of diabetic mothers had ventricular septal hypertrophy with reduced cardiac outputs and stroke volumes. Mean flow velocity in both cerebral vessels showed a comparable pattern in both groups throughout the study period and was independent of mean arterial pressure, suggesting unaltered cerebral hemodynamics in the infants of diabetic

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11751.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In a retrospective study covering the years 1975–1986, 341 episodes of invasive infections in 338 newborn infants were evaluated. Of the 365 pathogens isolated from blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid, 91% were sensitive to either ampicillin or aminoglycosides or both. Ampicillin resistance was mainly found in very low and low birth‐weight infants with late‐onset infections, in which aerobic Gram‐negative rods were common pathogens. In contrast, aminoglycoside resistance was common in early‐onset infections, due to the dominance of group B streptococcal infections. The ampicillin‐aminoglycoside combination had been given as initial treatment in 189 cases of septicaemia or meningitis. Treatment failed in 36 infections (20%), although all organisms were sensitive to one or both antibiotics. Treatment failed in 6 of 34 patients with meningitis but the failure was not related to ampicillin or aminoglycoside resistance. In conclusion, both in vitro and clinical results show that the ampicillin–aminoglycoside combination can be used as initial treatment of invasive infection

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Roentgen stereophotogrammetry is a new method for short term analysis of growth rate. Growth is measured over the growth zone in the distal fibula and is a fraction of the total statural growth. Normal growth rate in the distal fibula is about 15 μm/day at a total growth rate of 5 cm/year. The method was used to follow growth six months before and six months after surgery in six growth retarded children with Crohn's disease. Growth rate increased significantly (p<0.01) within three months after surgery from 5.8 μm/day before operation to 15.8 μm/day three months after operation and six months postoperatively had reached 18.0 μm/day. Improved growth could be recorded as early as four weeks after operation. The Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) gives a unique possibility to follow short‐term changes in growth rate in children with disturbed growth and to use growth rate as a quick assessment of res

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Fourteen patients with stage III–IV neuroblastoma were treated with alternating combination chemotherapy consisting of (a) VP16/cisplatin and (b) doxorubicin/vincristine/cyclophosphamide. The initial response to induction chemotherapy, especially to VP16/cisplatin was evaluated by determining t 1/2 for urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), homovanillic acid and serum neuron specific enolase (NSE). The period prior to normalization of these parameters was also determined. The patients could be classified as 7 rapid responders, with less than 3 weeks oft 1/2 VMA, or t 1/2 NSE, and 7 slow responders longer than 4 weeks of t 1/2 VMA. An analysis of the data indicates that an initial rapid response correlated with subsequent high complete response rate, but did not necessarily predict better prognosis in these patient

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.We investigated peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotypes of 74 patients at weekly intervals during the course of acute hepatitis A. In the second week after onset of jaundice, a significant elevation of total lymphocytes was observed (4096 × 106± 1003 × 106/l vs. controls 3038 × 106± 1208 × 106/l,p<0.005). However, no change in the relative percentages of B‐cells (CD20+), T‐cells (CD3+ or CD2+), or T‐cell subpopulations (CD4+ helper cells and CD8+ suppressor cells) could be demonstrated during the course of the disease. Activated T‐cells (CD3+DR+) were elevated during the first week (204 × 106± 134 × 106/l vs. normal 91 × 106± 54 × 106/l,p<0.005) and during the second week (202 × 106± 82 × 106/l,p<0.0005) after onset of disease and returned to normal values until the third week. Cells expressing phenotypes of lymphocytes capable of exerting non‐MHC‐restricted cellular cytotoxicity, i.e. Natural Killer cell activity (CD57+, CD16+, and CD56+) were significantly elevated in percentage in the first week of disease, as compared to controls (CD57: 14.5 ± 7.0% vs. 9.3 ± 5.8%,p<0.05; CD16: 13.4 ± 7.3 vs. 9.5 ± 5.1%,p<0.05; CD56: 10.5 ± 3.5% vs. 8.0 ± 1.5%,p<0.005). Also the absolute numbers of these lymphocyte subpopulations were found to be elevated during the first and second week. The increase in NK cells in the initial phase of acute hepatitis A suggests an important role of these cells in the first

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11755.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Serum albumin, transferrin, transthyretin (prealbumin), and retinol binding protein concentrations were determined in 74 children with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus before and after a 10‐day camp session during which blood glucose concentrations were controlled. Initial concentrations of albumin and transferrin in the subjects were not different from those in 21 children and adults without diabetes, and did not change during the study period. Transthyretin and retinol binding protein concentrations were lower in subjects with diabetes than in the control population, and increased from 182±49 mg/l and 42.5±13.4 mg/l to 232±71 mg/l and 47.2±13.5 mg/l, respectively. We observed correlations between the changes in transferrin, transthyretin, and retinol binding protein. Although reductions in glycated albumin and transferrin indicated improvement in blood glucose control, there was no correlation between changes in the glycated markers and the concentrations of serum transport proteins. Thus, serum protein concentrations were influenced by the metabolic control of diabetes, but did not directly reflect blood

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11756.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.One individual‐based (Jämtland) and one population‐based (Sweden) monitoring system provided information on the prescription sales of drugs for children in ambulatory care. The overall prescription rate decreased between 1977 and 1987 and it was 20–25% lower in Jämtland than in Sweden as a whole. Antibiotics, drugs for ear, nose and throat diseases and respiratory drugs accounted for three out of four prescriptions. Penicillin V dominated among antibiotics and the prescription rate was stable whereas that of other antibiotics increased. During their first year of life one out of ten children in Jämtland had at least one prescription of antibiotics, during their first five years three out of four children. Prescribing of decongestants, especially systemic, decreased during the study period whereas that of anti‐asthmatics increased, partly due to the non‐approved use of these drugs for common cough. The results from our study underline the need for pharmaco‐epidemiological studies linking prescription data to clinical data in order to answer questions on the rational of present drug treat

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11757.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11758.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11759.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY