摘要:

SUMMARYVital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MTV) at free and fixed frequencies have been determined in normal children, 79 boys and 82 girls, 7–17 years of age. These values were found best correlated with the cube of the height. Equations and nomograms for normal values and lower normal limits are give

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1963.tb03775.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTen puppies delivered by cesarean section and paralysed with succinylcholine were given intragastric oxygen. There was no evidence of oxygen absorption from the stomach or gut as judged by the oxygen saturation of the portal vein or aortic blood. However, when the lungs were expanded and artificial ventilation applied, the oxygen levels rose rapidly. The pH fell and the PCO2rose during asphyxiation at approximately the same rate in both the experimental group and a control group, irrespective of the administration of I.G. O2. The useof I.G. O2was completely ineffective as a resuscitation procedure even though the oxygen requirements were minimized by paralysing the animals, and the ductus venosus, foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus were patent.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1963.tb03776.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe absorption of oxygen from the gastro‐intestinal tract was studied in nine asphyxiated and 20 normal infants. There was no evidence of transfer of detectable amounts of oxygen from the gastrointestinal tract to the systemic blood in the asphyxiated group when absorption from the lungs was pathologically impaired or prevented by occlusion of an endotracheal tube. High oxygen levels were promptly achieved when pulmonary ventilation was instituted. Relatively high levels of oxygen in the portal venous blood of normal infants breathing room air could not be attributed to added absorption from the gut since similar values were seen when intragastric nitrous oxide was given.The technique of administering gas into the stomach is not a benign procedure and carries definite dangers. It cannot be considered of any value for resuscitation, nor as an additional source of oxygen for the sick infan

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1963.tb03777.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn a group of 145 diabetic schoolchildren, 7–20 years old, and 126 matched non‐diabetic controls, certain factors relevant to immunity and diabetes were investigated.The diabetics of all ages were found to have a higher school absenteeism and also, in the prepuberal ages, a higher incidence of acute infectious disease than corresponding non‐diabetics. No major differences in the distribution of common bacterial antibody titers were observed and the formation of agglutinins to tyhoid/paratyphoid vaccine was found to be the same in both groups. The diabetics were carriers of common bacteria somewhat more often than the non‐diabetics. Most results could not be correlated with the degree of diabetic control.It is suggested that the explanation of the differences between the two groups might be a longer voluntary phase of recuperation after acute infectious disease in the di

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1963.tb03778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYOne hundred and two parents of children with cystic fibrosis and 52 control parents were studied with regard to physical examination of the chest, personal and family history, sweat electrolytes and pulmonary function tests.The physical examination of the chest was negative in all parents.When the C.F. parents were compared with the control group, no significant differences could be found in the personal and family histories of chronic cough, allergy, gastrointestinal disorders (ulcer and cholelithiasis) and diabetes.The concentration of sodium, chloride, and potassium in the sweat (produced by iontophoresis) was similar in the two groups of parents.The pulmonary function tests (vital capacity, timed vital capacity, peak expiratory flow rate, maximal breathing capacity, and nitrogen washout) showed no significant differences between the two groups of parents.This study provides no evidence that cystic fibrosis is inherited as a dominant disease.By the methods used no particular characteristics were found which could differentiate the heterozygote carrier of cystic fibrosis from the non‐carrie

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1963.tb03779.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYQuantitative bacteriological examinations have been carried out in 287 urine specimens from 74 girls and 44 boys with urinary tract infection (17 girls and 21 boys below the age of 3 years and 57 girls and 23 boys between 3 and 12 years of age). Clean voided specimens were consistently taken from the boys. Partly clean voided, partly catheterized specimens were taken from the girls. Gram‐stained smears from the urine specimens were also examined in the microscope.The investigations show a good correlation between quantitative bacteriological results and clinical findings. The lower limit of 100,000 bacteria per ml from fresh samples of bladder urine as an indication of infection seems to be correct. There is good agreement between the results of the quantitative bacteriological examinations and direct microscopic examination of gram‐stained smears of the uncentrifuged urine. This supports the use of direct microscopy in diagnosis of urinary tract infections.In 50 double specimens from 49 girls without infection (the norm), and in 35 double specimens from 33 girls with urinary tract infection a correspondence was found between clean voided and catheter specimens in about 82% of the cases. It may be concluded that clean voided specimens taken lege artis and followed up by quantitative bacteriological examination should yield a reliable diagnostic method. The quantitative method can be used to distinguish between infection and contamination.The investigations indicate a strong tendency for microbes to develop resistance during treatment with chemotherapeutic agents or antibiotics. This emphasizes the importance of repeated bacteriological examinations of patients with urinary tract infection.The importance of obstruction as an etiological factor in urinary tract infection in children is suppor

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1963.tb03780.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTwo newborn infants are described, both of whom had a slight omphalocelic anomaly. In both an ectopic lobe was completely detached from the liver itself and located outside the abdominal cavity. In the first case the hepatic lobe had apparently become detached at an early embryonal stage, since the histological picture of the liver was extremely primitive. In the second case the hepatic lobe was perhaps detached in a late intrauterine stage, as its histological picture was characteristic of the mature liver.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1963.tb03781.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA fatal case of generalized BCG infection following vaccination is reported. The patient, a girl BCG‐vaccinated at the age of six weeks, developed septic fever and leucocytosis at 5 1/2 months of age and died at 7 months of age in a poor condition with extensive edemas, icterus and severe attacks of general convulsions.Autopsy revealed disseminated tuberculosis. The histological picture showed little tendency to tuberculoid structure, marked caseous necrosis and myriads of acid‐fast bacilli in the affected areas. By bacteriological examination the acid‐fast bacilli were indistinguishable from BCG.Increased virulence or other changes in the BCG vaccine which might explain the fatal complication has not been found.Two of the patient's three siblings had previously shown definite signs of reduced resistance to infection, and both died at an early age from infections. Adding this to the patient's case history, one feels justified in concluding that a familial resistance impairment to infection is present. The cause of this deficiency is discussed.There are at present five known cases of fatal BCG infection following vaccination in Scandinavia, and the number of persons vaccinated is estimated to be between 6 and 7 millions. The probable incidence of fatal complications can thus be put at less than one case per million vaccinated.As the protective effect of BCG vaccination is beyond doubt and the serious complications extremely rare, there seems to be no ground at present for objecting to continued BCG vaccin

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1963.tb03782.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe clinical history and brain autopsy are presented of a girl who from the age of 2–3 years showed progressing neurological symptoms lasting 10 years with short periods of improvement. The clinical picture was one of mixed pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, of speech difficulties, but well preserved mental abilities. At autopsy symmetrical lesions were found, involving the putamina and the caudate nuclei, also affecting the pons and medulla oblongata and spinal cord, being of younger age caudally in the central nervous system.The close resemblance of a case previously reported by us in 1956 is striking.Our two cases give no conclusive information with regard to the etiology and pathogenesis. Regarding classification, it is possible that we are dealing with a disorder representing a chronic form of infantile necrotizing encephalopathy comparable to a subacute form described by Richter. among others, and perhaps it is also comparable to an acute form described by Verhaar

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1963.tb03783.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA case of patent omphaloenteric duct in a 4 months old male infant and one with simultaneous patency of the omphaloenteric and allantoic duct in a 15 days old male infant are reported. The latter is probably the sixth case published. Based on the literature the symptomatology, differential diagnosis, complications and treatment are discussed.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1963.tb03784.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY