摘要:

ABSTRACT.In many European countries hyperkinesis is a relatively rare clinical diagnosis compared with the United States. Though systematic international studies comparing the diagnostic process with regard to this disorder are still lacking, it is likely that the reasons for the vast differences in the rates of the disorder do not lie in the differences of the children's behaviour but in diagnostic practice. Individual components of hyperactivity, namely overactivity, restlessness and poor concentration are common among children attending clinics as well as in randomly selected samples in the general population. Treatment for hyperactivity is largely the same as for the majority of child psychiatric disorders which predominantly involve disturbances of conduct. As the ‘causes’, as well as the factors maintaining the symptoms, are often complex, one form of treatment is seldom adequate. In most cases a combination of psychological and educational treatments is necessary. Stimulant drugs, though in a few instances capable of producing instant and dramatic therapeutic effects, should not be used as a treatment of first cho

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb11014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The clinical response and changes in water and salt homeostasis as judged from serum sodium levels, salt and water retention and renal handling of sodium was studied during 36 hours following the start of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) with a solution containing 60 mmol N d (ORS,) in 17 well‐nourished, moderately dehydrated Turkish infants aged 3 to 15 months who had acute infectious diarrhoea (7 with rotavirus, 3 with enteropathogenic E. coli 0 111: B 84, and one with enteropathogenic E. coli 0 125: B 15, one with salmonella and 5 of unknown etiology. In the sucessfully treated patients sodium and water balance was normalized within 36 hours. In the cases with hypernatremic dehydration the serum sodium concentration rapidly became normal. The results were compared with those obtained in a previous study of the same type of patients who were rehydrated with a solution containing 90 mmol N d (ORSw). Although retention was considered to be satisfactory after OR&it was less than after ORSw. The changes in the fractionary urinary sodium excretion and the potassium sodium quotient in the urine indicated a less rapid normalization after ORS, than after ORS

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb11015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The incidence and length of breast feeding of LBW (2 500 grams) infants were investigated. A marked increase from 1979 to 1982 was noted: the incidence rose from 78 % to 91 % and the proportion of infants breast fed for 3 months rose from 54 % to 67 %. A breast feeding promotion programme did not influence the length of breast feeding of LBW infants within one year of the intervention. Smaller infants, those with RDS and those from lower social classes were breast fed less than others.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb11016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Total plasma carnitine was analysed in 19 women, with uncomplicated pregnancies, who underwent elective caesarean section, and in their neonates. The women were given a balanced glucose (glucose group) or saline (saline group) infusion, group allocation being on a random basis. The carnitine levels in maternal or infant plasma did not differ between these two groups. At delivery, the mean maternal carnitine value, 17.4±1.25 μmol/l, was lower than the mean infant value, 25.9 μmol/l±2.67 (mean ± SE,p<0.005) and lower than the mean value in non‐pregnant, fertile women, i.e. 40.9±1.22 μmol/l. The mean carnitine value in the unfed neonate had not changed when the infant was 4 hours old. A positive correlation was found between carnitine levels in maternal and infant plasma (p<0.01). At delivery, the levels of non‐esterified fatty acids and 3‐OH‐butyrate in infant plasma were different in the two groups, but not at 4 hours of age. The results suggest that the maternal carnitine level is the most important factor governing plasma carnitine levels

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb11017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Myoclonic jerks during sleep is a normal phenomenon seen also in infancy. Sometimes the episodes can be extended both in duration and seizure type. When this happens it should be differentiated from epilepsy and treatment is not needed. Five cases are reported.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb11018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The mean plasma selenium concentration (P‐Se) in 65 patients with Down's syndrome (DS) did not differ from that in 90 healthy controls. The concentration of selenium in the erythrocytes (E‐Se) was higher in DS patients than in controls (p<0.001). P‐Se and E‐Se increased progressively with age through childhood in both DS children and controls. The former children, however, started out with higher levels of E‐Se and reached adult concentrations earlier (at 7‐17 years) than controls (18 years). Adult DS patients and controls did not differ in their mean P‐Se or E‐Se concentration. There was a significant correlation between P‐Se and E‐Se both in DS patients and in controls. In DS patients each of these two variables was significantly correlated to glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity in erythrocytes. A sex difference in the DS children, but not in the controls, was observed with regard to P‐Se and E‐Se levels, these being higher in DS girls during childhood (0‐17 years). This was in accordance with an earlier finding of higher GSH‐Px activit

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb11019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Serum concentrations of iron, copper, zinc and magnesium and also serum transferrin and ceruloplasmin were investigated in 28 children aged 10 months to 10 years with undue susceptibility to infections. None of the children had any classical immune defect. Seven of them had had frequent upper respiratory tract infections, 16 had suffered from frequent infections of the middle ear and five from mainly lower respiratory tract infections. Thirteen healthy children aged 9 to 18 years residing in the same area served as controls. The children with undue susceptibility to infections had significantly lower mean serum iron (p<0.05) and zinc (p<0.001) levels than the healthy controls. The mean serum concentrations of copper and magnesium and of transferrin and ceruloplasmin did not differ between the patients and controls. Children with frequent middle ear infections seemed to account for most of the differences in the serum levels of iron and zinc. An inverse correlation was observed between duration of breast feeding and serum concentration of zinc, and between weight as well as height and serum magnesium. The reasons for these changes and the possible role of trace element deficiency as a factor predisposing to or perpetuating undue susceptibility to infections in children are discussed.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb11020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.No significant differences in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were found between 14 infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) and 7 infants of non‐diabetic mothers at birth or at 2 hours of age, although the mean values were higher in the IDMs. The mean blood glucose concentration declined from birth to 2 hours of age and it was lower at 2 hours of age in the IDMs although only one IDM became hypoglycaemic. Plasma non‐antibody bound insulin concentrations were approximately 12 fold higher at birth and at 2 hours of age in the IDMs than in the control infants. Similar increases in plasma free fatty acids and free glycerol concentrations from birth to 2 hours of age were observed in the 2 groups. At 2 hours of age positive correlations were found between plasma noradrenaline and free fatty acids (r=0.85,p<0.01) and free glycerol (r=0.65,p<0.05) and between plasma adrenaline and free glycerol (r=0.71,p<0.05) and the rise in free glycerol from birth to 2 hours of age (r=0.65,p<0.05) in the IDMs. At birth positive correlations between plasma free fatty acids and plasma noradrenaline (r=0.69,p<0.02) and plasma adrenaline (r=0.88,p<0.01) were found in the IDMs. No correlations were found in the control infants. These findings indicate that the catecholamines counteracts the inhibitory effect of insulin on lipolysis in I

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb11021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Adrenaline and noradrenaline was measured just before and just after chest physiotherapy and endotracheal suctioning in 13 preterm, ventilated, newborn infants. Mean aortic blood pressure was also recorded. Eight of the infants received phenobarbitone. Catecholamine levels were five‐fold higher in the 5 infants with blood pH less than 7.30 compared to the other 8 infants. After the procedure, both adrenaline and noradrenaline were significantly higher than baseline levels. The adrenaline response to the procedure was a two‐fold increase and significantly greater than the noradrenaline response. Analysis of the effects of phenobarbitone treatment and acidosis on catecholamine responses by multiple linear regression demonstrated that the adrenaline response was reduced by phenobarbitone while the noradrenaline response was unaffected. There were no associations of blood pressure responses with catecholamine responses, with acidosis or with phenobarbitone treatm

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb11022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Growth in terms of both height and weight was studied in a longitudinal sample consisting of ten children who all experienced the onset of acute leukemia between 18 months and 7 years of age. In spite of the lack of deviation in body size at birth, these children had somewhat higher values for attained size than the reference group one year before diagnosis. The information from this study showing a decrease in growth rate before the start of treatment, could suggest that the disease causes the growth failure. Growth rate for height increased with time from the first year of treatment, which could be correlated to a positive effect of medical treatment of the disease. These results indicate a very stable regulation of growth between 18 months and 12 years of age. The children dropped temporarily in mean one standard deviation (SD) corresponding to about 4 cm, from one year before the start of treatment to the end of the three years of treatment. It seems, however, that it is possible for the body to repair such a temporary growth inhibition as is seen in the catch‐up growth during the following two years. Height measured in SD for the group two years after discontinuing treatment was practically the same as height at the time of the start of treatment. Children with leukemia during the first years of life and during the pubertal period may not show a similar growth patter

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb11023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY