摘要:

SummaryIn 20 healthy newborn infants a series of 14 reflexes of various modalities was studied in different behavioural states (regular sleep, irregular sleep, quiet wakefulness) and during sucking.According to our results these reflexes fall into three categories. Proprioceptive reflexes (quadriceps reflex, biceps reflex, ankle clonus and Moro reflex) show good responses during regular sleep and wakefulness, but are absent or markedly diminished in irregular sleep. Exteroceptive reflexes (plantar and palmar grasp, the Babkin reflex, the palmo‐mental reflex, glabella reflex, and lip‐tap reflex) are absent or diminished in regular sleep. During irregular sleep these reflexes can be elicited almost as well as during wakefulness. Nociceptive reflexes (abdominal skin reflex, the Babinski reflex and an exteroceptive skin reflex from the thigh) are equally present in the three states investigated. The magnet response could not be obtained in any of the three states.During sucking, the palmar grasp and the tendon reflexes tend to be stronger whilst the abdominal skin reflex and the exteroceptive skin reflex from the thigh are slightly weaker.The implications for the neurophysiological organization of different behavioural states in human neonates are discussed together with their consequences for the clinical neurological examination of the newborn inf

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb04676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe aim of the present investigation, concerned with 279 girls with their first‐time, or in a few cases second‐time urinary tract infection, was to explore the possibility to improve the “1‐year cure rate” by means of long‐term sulfonamide therapy (2 months) instead of short‐term sulfonamide therapy (10 days). A “1‐year cure” was then defined as an eradication of the index infectionandfreedom from infection during the following year. The “1‐year cure rate” was found to be equal in the two therapy groups i. e. 64 per cent.The material showed some characteristics which might permit some general statements about uncomplicated first or second‐time urinary tract infections in girls. The material showed a marked predominance of the younger age groups. This finding is discussed with regard to the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. The bacteria isolated at the initial infections were in 90 percentE. coliand also in 90 per cent sensitive to sulfonamide. Thus for the present there is no reason to abandon sulfonamide as the drug of choice in uncomplicated first‐time infections in girls.The first recurrence had a tendency to appear shortly after the original infection rather than late. Observations suggest that recurrences, even those occurring immediately after cessation of therapy, were usually a reinfection and not a recrudescence. These findings are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of recurrent urinary tract infections.The first recurrence was in 1/3 of the cases asymptomatic, in the other 2/3 symptomatic.Duringlong term prophylaxis asymptomatic infections even outnumbered the symptomatic ones. Therapy thus may mask an infection.The bacteria isolated at the first recurrences after the index infection were in 30–90 per cent resistant to sulfonamide, the rate being related to the time interval between the cessation of therapy and the recurrence. The therapeutic consequences of the difference in sulfonamide sensitivity of the initial infection an

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb04677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn cases of hypertensive disorder there is an increase of urea in the cord vein plasma. The increase seems to be secondary to an occasional increase in the maternal plasma.In cases of hypertensive disorder during pregnancy associated with intrauterine growth retardation of the foetus the ratio between the cord vein plasma levels and the mother's cubital vein plasma levels of essential amino acids is lower than under normal conditions. The low ratios of valine, isoleucine and leucine levels are shown to be due to higher maternal plasma levels at delivery than in normal pregnancies. It is suggested that the findings have some bearing on the growth retardation of the foetus, being the consequence of a diminished supply of essential amino acids to the foetus.The differences from what is found in normal term pregnancies are not due to a shortening of the gestational period, since there is in the foetus, in a gestational period down to 33 weeks, only still higher plasma levels of taurine and lysine.To demonstrate that the material is representative as regards hypertension and the “small‐for‐dates” syndrome a survey has been made of the weight and length at birth in cases of hypertensive disorder during pr

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb04678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBecause of the ill‐defined bleeding tendency which has been reported in patients with Glycogen Storage Disease, Type 1, various aspects of hemostasis and coagulation were studied in 8 patients. Definite abnormalities in the bleeding time and platelet factor 3 availability were found in the older symptomatic individuals but all the patients, irrespective of age, exhibited significant reduction in platelet adhesiveness in spite of normal platelet aggregation after addition of ADP. Although an intracellular defect may account for the abnormal platelet function, environmental plasma factors appear to play a role in the development of the platelet lesio

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb04679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe object of the present study was to determine the possibility of increasing the glycogen content of the foetal myocardium, and thus its ability to survive under anoxic conditions, by infusing glucose in the mother animal before delivery.The material consisted of 41 rabbits; 23 were given a glucose infusion, and 18 served as controls. On the 29th day of pregnancy, a solution of 30% glucose was infused over a 6‐hour period. Immediately after the infusion, the mother was sacrificed, and the foetuses delivered abdominally. They were maintained at 37°C, but without the possibility of lung aeration. The ECG of one foetus in each litter was recorded until no heart activity remained. Concurrently, the other foetuses were sacrificed at irregular intervals, and studied with respect to the glycogen content of heart and liver, blood pH and blood glucose. These parameters were correlated to foetal heart activity.It was found that glucose infusion in the mother did, in fact, increase the glycogen content of the foetal heart. This, in turn, seemed to increase the ability of the foetal heart to continue its activity under anoxic conditio

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb04680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySixty measurements of circulating red cell volume using a51Cr method were performed in 22 full‐term and 16 premature infants during the age interval 0–138 days. In 15 of these infants 2 or 3 measurements were made.During the first 6 weeks of life the average decrease of red cell volume was 0.9% per day. In this respect no difference was found between full‐term and premature infants.By comparing the change in red cell volume found in this study with data from the literature on the disappearance rate of foetal red blood cells from the circulation, the red blood cell production of full‐term infants during the first 2 months of life was found to be quite small and in accordance with previously published estimates.The initial level of red cell volume was regained by the full‐term infants at the age of 5–6 months.The data collected also contribute to information on normal values for red cell volume, plasma volume and total blood volume during ea

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb04681.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA case is described with prolinuria and OH‐prolinuria associated with congenital renal dysplasia, retinal dysplasia and mental retardation. The mental disturbance showed a peculiar picture ofautism. Consanguinity supports the assumption that the disease is caused by a recessive gene. There was an accumulation of nervous diseases in the family. This raises the question whether one recessive gene may condition the individual for psychiatric disease

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb04682.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA clinical material is presented consisting of 43 children below 17 years of age with evidence of impaired function of peripheral nerves. One case occurred in a newborn with muscular hypotonia, weakness and areflexia: Thirteen children had signs of an affection also of the central nervous system. This group included 2 cases of late‐infantile metachromatic leucodystrophy and 2 cases of Friedreich's ataxia. Involvement of both central and peripheral parts of the nervous system causes a complicated clinical picture. Correct interpretation of the findings requires complete neurological and neurophysiological examination. Such an extensive affection of the nervous system may be more common than usually supposed.In 29 patients no signs were found of simultaneous involvement of the central nervous system. The 2 main groups were children with diabetes and children with a chronic hereditary polyneuropathy. All the diabetic children were asymptomatic. The most common clinical picture of chronic hereditary polyneuropathy in childhood was characterized by slow motor development, slow, clumsy movements and weak or absent muscle reflexes. Excavated feet and kyfoscoliosis were seen in some patients. The variation of the clinical picture with age and from family to family is described. The progress of symptoms in polyneuropathy without evidence of involvement of the central nervous system is slow and seems eventually to cease. The prognosis is better than that of progressive spinal muscular atrophy and most of the primary muscle diseases. An optimistic attitude, intense physical therapy and orthopedic measures are therefore justifie

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb04683.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA case of oliguric glomerulonephritis in an infant of 4 months is described.The patient was initially treated with steroids during 3 days. When the diagnosis glomerulonephritis had been settled, the treatment comprised fluid restriction and peritoneal dialysis.The patient was discharged after 6 weeks with slight proteinuria, a serum creatinine concentration of 0.5 mg per 100 ml and a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg.Diagnosis and treatment is discussed. It is concluded that treatment with dialysis is well indicated in cases of acute oliguric glomerulonephritis while the beneficial effects of steroids is more doubtful.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb04684.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryChromosomal studies in a young mother (under 30 years of age) of a “mongol” child revealed a normal/trisomy C mosaicism in both skin and blood cultures. This mother has given birth to three live children, including the “mongol” child.This is the first report of such a finding in a young mother of a

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1968.tb04685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY