摘要:

ABSTRACT.X‐ray examinations of the lungs is an important element in the evaluation of the neonates and their respiratory function. It is often necessary to perform a large number of X‐ray examinations depending upon the infant's birthweight, gestational age and respiratory problems. To estimate the risk of X‐ray examinations of the lungs the radiation dose to 18 infants at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hvidovre Hospital, was measured by means of a thermoluminescent dosimeter placed on the nipple of the infant. The radiation dose to various organs was estimated and the risk weighted whole body radiation dose calculated to 40 microsievert per examination (AP‐ and lateral). Using the latest increased risk factors this means an excess cancer mortality of 5 × 10‐1for boys and 11 × 10‐5for girls per millisievert, corresponding to 25 X‐ray examinations (AP‐ and lateral) of the lungs. It is concluded, that even using the latest increased risk factors, the radiation risk of repeated X‐ray examinations of the chest in prematures will be very low considering the ben

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11891.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Development of early (I–III) and late (III–V) brainstem conduction time (BCT) in the brainstem auditory evoked responses was examined and compared in 178 appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) and 24 small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) children from birth to 6 years of age. In AGA children, the III–V/I–III interval ratio increased with age from birth to 2 years and remained relatively steady. This indicates that the development of the early and late BCT, or probably the lower and upper brainstem is not synchronous during early childhood, with a slightly faster development of the early BCT relative to the late BCT. In SGA children, the I–V, I–III and III–V intervals showed similar developmental trends to those in AGA children. However, the III–V/I–III ratio followed a developmental course which differed remarkably from that in AGA children. The ratio decreased slightly with age up to 2 years and was consistently smaller than in normal children after 1 year, indicating that the relative development of early and late BCT deviates from normal. This finding suggests that prenatal factors responsible for intrauterine growth retardation could alter the late or long‐term development of the nervous system, r

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11892.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.To determine the incidence, clinical significance and etiology of acute diarrhoea in early childhood, a cohort of 336 children were followed from birth to the age of 24–32 (mean 26) months. More than half (55%) of the children had no diarrhoea, 26% had one episode and 19% had two or more episodes of diarrhoea during follow‐up; altogether 248 episodes of diarrhoea were detected. Rotavirus was by far the most common (26%) identified pathogen; adenoviruses were detected in 4 % and bacterial pathogens (EPEC, Salmonellae, Yersiniae) in 4% of the cases. Two thirds of the episodes remained etiologically unresolved. Rotavirus diarrhoea was significantly more severe than diarrhoea due to other causes; 75% of severe episodes of diarrhoea were associated with rotavirus. About two thirds of the infants were breast‐fed over 6 months; breast‐feeding for less than 6 months was associated with a higher incidence of rotavirus diarrhoea between 7–12 months of age but not thereafter. About three quarters of the children were cared for at home beyond 12 months of age; those at home had a lower rate of rotavirus diarrhoea than those at day‐c

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11893.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The linear growth of Swedish children with cystic fibrosis (CF), is described using the infancy–childhood–puberty (ICP) growth model. Length/height was studied in 51 patients during their first 8 years of life. The median age at diagnosis was 0.4 years (range 0.0–6.1 years). At birth, their mean length was close to normal, but the gain in length over the first 0.25 years of life was significantly below normal, resulting in a mean length SDS of ‐1.3. Length remained subnormal up to 1.0 year of age. Thereafter, catch‐up growth occurred, resulting in almost normal height (mean SDS ‐0.3) at 5.0 years of age. Between 5.0 and 8.0 years of age growth was normal. The mean age at onset of the childhood component was not significantly different from the controls. Hence, the catch‐up growth did not occur until after the onset of the childhood component. This study shows that the postnatal linear growth rate is retarded in children with CF during the first months of life. This is almost completely compensated for by a supranormal growth rate that starts at the end of the first

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11894.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Among 27 cases of Pseudomonas septicaemia in the Department of Paediatrics of Queen Mary Hospital from 1981 to 1988, we have identified 10 children without known predisposing causes before presentation and report their clinical features. Six were infants, of whom 4 developed shock on admission and died. Ecthyma gangrenosum was present in 4 patients.Pesudomonas aeruginosawas isolated in 8 patients. All isolates, exceptPs. cepacia, were sensitive to gentamicin. One patient had cyclical neutropenia. Another had an appendicular abscess. Salmonella was cultured from the stool in one patient. Although Pseudomonas septicaemia is normally considered to be associated with underlying immunodeficiency, in 22% it occurred in previously healthy children. Mortality is high especially in infants who develop septicaemic shock. It is advisable to cover for Pseudomonas septicaemia with aminoglycosides or ceftazidime in sick septic infants.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11895.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.To assess the total insulin secretion in children in different nutritional states we have analysed the 24 h urinary C‐peptide excretion in 32 obese children (16 boys and 16 girls) 8–15 years of age as well as in 7 girls with anorexia nervosa 11–16 years of age. Obese children had a median urinary C‐peptide excretion rate of 0.27 nmol/kg/24 h, which was not different from that of a group of normal‐weight children. In the group of anorectic girls, on the other hand, the median value 0.47 nmol/kg/24 h was significantly (p<0.05) higher than for normal‐weight girls of the same age (median = 0.26 nmol/kg/24 h). These results indicate that in obese children insulin secretion, measured as the 24 h urinary C‐peptide excretion per kg body weight, is the same as in normal‐weight children. Total insulin secretion is consequently increased. In anorexia nervosa, on the other hand, the higher C‐peptide excretion per kg body weight compared with normal‐weight children, indicates that insulin secretion is increased in rela

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11896.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Two hundred and twenty‐one disabled children from seven diagnostic groups have been examined with respect to height, weight and prevalence of four different feeding problems. Retarded growth and feeding problems were common in children with cerebral palsy, mental retardation, congenital heart disease and deaf‐blindness, but rare in children with esophagus atresia, cystic fibrosis and epilepsy. Mean relative height and weight were significantly lower (p≪.01) in children with mechanical feeding problems, such as impairment of self‐feeding skills and oral‐motor dysfunction, than in children without these problems, regardless of diagnostic group. Mean relative weight was also significantly lower in children with poor appetite than in children with good appetite. Feeding problems contribute to short stature and underweight in severely disabled

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11897.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Children's utilization of curative care was studied to analyse the division of responsibilities between undifferentiated primary care and specialized care. All chronically ill (n= 510), a control group (n= 287) and the total population 0–15 years of age (n= 6080) in a primary care district were studied using register data. Chronically ill children comprised 8.4% of the total child population and were registered for 1/10 of the primary health care visits, 1/3 of the specialized visits, 1/3 of the hospitalizations and 112 of the in‐patient days of all children. The yearly ambulatory visits were 3.7/child in the chronically ill and 1.5/child in the control group, of which 1/3 and 2/3, respectively, were to primary care. Utilization of specialized care increased with disability. Chronically ill children visited primary care mainly for acute respiratory infections but seldom for allergic or other chronic conditi

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11898.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11899.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11900.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY