ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10943.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The overwhelming importance of accidental injuries, deaths and disabilities in children and adolescents is no longer a “privilege” of the industrialized world: many developing countries are now facing a tremendous increase in accidents in the young. A sound epidemiological knowledge of accidents is a prerequisite for any preventive programme: it is based on hospital or community surveys, in which the epidemiological approach seems more meaningful than the clinical one. The conditions to be fulfilled are reviewed in the light of several WHO publications. Finally, some preventive strategies are presented, based on models more and more currently used in planning for prevention. The role of paediatricians, either individually or through their professional associations, is emphas

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10944.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Wheezing in association with viral respiratory tract infections occurs in 10‐20 % of all infants and young children and usually indicates hyperreactive bronchi. Signs of airway hyperreactivity can usually be demonstrated many years after the child has stopped wheezing. This hyperreactivity is partly constitutional, but it may be further aggravated by viral infections in the respiratory tract. Similarly, allergic inflammation or long‐term exposure to airway irritants may also cause or aggravate a state of hyperreactivity which may be expressed as a proneness to asthmatic reactions. As viral infections are among the most potent asthma‐provoking factors known, the hyperreactivity does not need to be very pronounced before wheezing develops in the infant or young child, with its small‐calibred airway. As long as wheezing only occurs sporadically and only in association with viral respiratory tract infections, the prognosis is usually excellent. However, recommendations regarding avoidance of potent allergens and airway irritants in the daily environment should be given to such families. Such advice is especially important for families with a proneness to atopic reactions or if wheezing begins to occur even during infection‐fr

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10945.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Sixty‐five children whose mothers took amphetamine during pregnancy have been followed prospectively since birth. At 4 years of age their somatic growth and general health did not differ from that of another unselected Swedish population of the same age examined at the Child Health Centre. Developmental screening by the Terman Merrill method showed that the group as a whole had a significantly lower IQ (103) than a sampled Swedish group (110). The psychological assessment of the child's adaptation and emotional wellbeing showed that there were more disturbed children or “problem children” in the group that had lived partly or all the time with a mother who was still addicted to

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10946.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Sixty‐five children, whose 63 mothers took amphetamine during pregnancy, were followed prospectively with regard to their environmental conditions, during their first four years of life. Nine of the 16 mothers, who gave up drug‐taking in early pregnancy, were able to remain drug‐free until their children reached four years of age. All but three of the remaining 47 mothers have continued to be addicts. Twenty‐two of 52 children (42 %), who had initially been left in the care of their mothers, were placed in foster‐homes at four years of age. The decision to take the child into custody was often based on several negative factors, as determined by the social worker, such as a continuing addiction, unsatisfactory social conditions (12/22), and neglect (6/22). In many cases the decision was made following the failure of different noncompulsory supportiv

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10947.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.During the years 1978‐83 four vegetarian children have been admitted to the pediatric departments of Ullevaal and Aker Hospitals in Oslo and Haukeland Hospital, Bergen, with the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency rickets. One had vitamin B12deficiency as well. All had been fed a vegetarian diet with some cows’milk, but without vitamin supplementation. All had marked hypocalcemia, and three had tetany or convulsions. All responded well to conventional doses of vitamin D therapy. Two of the mothers had vitamin D deficiency, and one of them also had vitamin B12deficiency. This report describes the case histories of these children, and also discusses predisposing factors of vegetarian diets for the development of nutritional ric

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10948.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In 13 young adult patients (5 men and 8 women) adult height was correlated with the average rachitic activity on radiographs of the wrist, taken at intervals during childhood. To this end the rachitic activity was classified into 4 different, clearly distinguishable stages according to its severity. The coefficient of correlation between adult height (expressed as standard deviation score) and the average rachitic activity or score was ‐0.796 (p<0.01), indicating that adult height varied inversely with the severity of the disease. The regression equation between adult height (y) and the rachitic score (x) was: v=‐1.53x+0.90; the SEywas 0.76. Although the coefficient of correlation was highly significant, this value for SEyindicated that much of the observed variation was due to other factors, apart from the rachitic pro

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10949.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Different immunological parameters were studied in 16 children suffering from Henoch‐Schönlein purpura. The following results were observed during the acute phases in some patients: (1) an increase in C3d plasma levels; (2) the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC); (3) an increase in IgA plasma levels and (4) an impairment of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) function asssessed by an in vitro and an in vivo test. After the acute phase, all the altered parameters were almost normalized in recovering patients. On the contrary, all 5 patients with persistent urinary findings or relapsing purpura continued to present increased IgA plasma levels and/or CIC and/or impaired RES function. Our results therefore show that, in Henoch‐Schönlein disease of childhood, a correlation exists betwen persisting clinical signs and persisting high IgA plasma levels, CIC and RES function impa

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10950.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This report presents a new approach to the study of the colonization of the digestive tract after birth. We have examined the development of four microflora associated characteristics, MACs, defined as the recording of any anatomical structure, biochemical or physiological function in the macroorganism, which has been influenced by the microflora. These MACs may create a basis for later investigations into the impact of diarrheal diseases and antibiotic therapy. The following biochemical characteristics were studied in feces from children of 0‐61 months of age: conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol and bilirubin to urobilins, inactivation of trypsin and degradation of mucin. These results indicate establishment of microbes capable of converting bilirubin to urobilins within the second year of life. The mucin degrading and cholesterol converting microbes are established in most of the children during the same period. Tryptic activity was found to be absent in meconium, present in feces from all children up to 21 months of age, and absent in 6 out of 15 children in the age group 46‐61 months. The study indicates that the establishment of the MACs in the digestive tract is a remarkably long drawn out pro

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10951.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Among 54 patients, between 2 and 18 years of age, submitted to hemodialysis due to severe chronic renal failure, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus markers was 66.7 % and that of HBsAg was 13.0 %. Eighteen children, with no evidence of hepatitis B virus infection, were vaccinated. Following three vaccine injections, only 2 patients did not respond and a third one developed low anti‐HBs titers. The vaccine was well tolerated. No relationship was observed between the intensity of the humoral immune response and age, sex, type of renal disease and time on dialysis. Seroconversion rates (87.5 %) and geometric means of anti‐HBs titers (>4 000 Ausab Units) of these patients are similar to those observed following vaccination of healthy adu

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10952.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY