摘要:

ABSTRACT.The cellular composition of colostrum (within 72 hours post partum) and mature milk samples (5th–7th day post partum) from 20 mothers delivering preterm babies and 20 mothers delivering full term babies was examined. Lymphocyte subsets including T cells, B cells, T4and T8cells were quantitated by indirect immunoperoxidase staining using specific monoclonal antibodies. The mean total cell count in preterm colostrum (9 338/mm3) was significantly higher than in full term colostrum (5 594/mm3). Similarly, counts for macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes were significantly higher in preterm colostrum and milk as compared to full term colostrum and milk. B and T lymphocytes including T4and T8cells were identified in both preterm and full term breast milk. The absolute count of T, B, T4and T8cells was significantly higher in preterm colostrum compared to term colostrum, though the relative percentage distribution of lymphocyte subsets showed no significant difference between the two groups. T and B cells constituted about 74% and 26% of total lymphocytes, respectively in preterm as well as full term colostrum and about 69% and 31% in preterm and full term milk. The mean T4/T8ratio was higher in preterm colostrum than term colostrum, being 1.82 and 1.60 respectively. However, this difference was not significant statistically and did not change statistically in the milk sampl

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11872.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In 19 non‐jaundiced and 22 jaundiced neonates, the serum albumin and bilirubin concentrations were measured during the first week of life. Some of the neonates were followed longitudinally. The albumin binding properties were evaluated by determining the reserve albumin concentration for monoacetyldiaminodiphenyl sulphone (MADDS), a deputy ligand for bilirubin. The reserve albumin concentration for MADDS increased with postnatal age. The reason for this increase is still unexplained. There was an inverse relation between the bilirubin and the reserve albumin concentrations, but when the bilirubin concentration increased by 1 μmol/l, the reserve albumin concentration for MADDS decreased by only 0.2 μmol/l. This shows that the reserve albumin concentration for MADDS does not give a direct measure of the bilirubin binding ability of the serum albumin molecule. In spite of this, it is still possible that a low reserve albumin concentration for MADDS is a risk factor for bilirubin encephalopa

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11873.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABR) were recorded in 9 neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia. Pathological recordings were found in two children showing absence of waves and prolonged latencies. There was no correlation between latencies to waves and the total serum bilirubin concentration. The serum reserve albumin concentration for monoacetyldiaminodiphenyl sulphone (MADDS) was, however, inversely related to the latencies in the ABR recordings. Our findings suggest that the binding properties of serum albumin contribute to the risk of bilirubin toxicity and that, in this study, the reserve albumin concentration for MADDS seemed to be of Heater significance than the total bilirubin concentration.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11874.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The presence of concomitant viral or bacterial infection was evaluated in 20 patients hospitalized for adenovirus infection of the middle or lower airways by using new serological methods for detection of both antigens and antibodies. Adenovirus infection was identified by measurement of antibodies with complement fixation test or by direct detection of viral antigen in nasopharyngeal aspirates. Mixed infection was present in 11 (55%) of the 20 patients. Viral coinfection was demonstrated in five (25%) and bacterial in nine (45%) patients. Bacterial coinfection was common, 67%, in children with an infection focus, pneumonia or acute otitis media, but rare, 13%, in those without it. Seroconversion to nontypableHaemophilus influenzaewas indicated in six children; four of them were infants, four had pneumonia and three acute otitis media. Pneumococcal infection was indicated in two patients with pneumonia, both aged over two years.Chlamydia trachomatiswas involved in one case. The results indicate that bacterial coinfection is common in respiratory adenovirus infection affecting lower airways, especially if pneumonia is present.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.During a four‐year period, two groups of patients were observed for recurrences of bouts of acute otitis media (AOM) after initial episodes of AOM in early infancy. Of 19 infants with a first bout of AOM before 3 months of age, all had at least one recurrence within eight months, of them 15 (79%) within four months. All members of a second group of 37 infants with two bouts of AOM before 12 months of age had a third bout within 14 months, and 28 of them (76%) had a recurrence within four months. During the ensuing two years (phase two), a group of 6 infants with one bout of AOM before 3 months of age (group one) and a group of 25 infants with two bouts of AOM before 12 months of age (group two) were treated for four months with 25 mg/kg/day aminopenicillin as a single oral daily dose. There were no episodes of AOM in these infants during the prophylactic period. During a third phase lasting two years, patients were assigned to treatment or no treatment regimens for four‐month periods. Patients in treatment regimens received aminopenicillin or erythromycin ethylsuccinate‐sulfamethoxazole (EES‐SMZ) once daily. In infants with one bout of AOM before 3 months (Group 1) there were seven bouts of AOM in 9 untreated vs. one bout in 13 treated patients. In the group of infants with two bouts of AOM before 12 months (Group 2), 13 untreated infants had six bouts of AOM vs. no bouts in 19 treated p

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11876.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Through the Danish National Patient Registry we identified all children 0–15 years old who had been splenectomized during the period 1979–87 and all children of the same age who, during the same period of time, had been admitted to a hospital because of either meningitis or bacteraemia caused byStreptococcus pneumoniae.We wanted to see whether any of the splenectomized children had developed invasive pneumococcal infection during the observation period.A similar Danish study covering the period 1969–78, when pneumococcal vaccine was not available, has already been published (3). Four per cent of the children splenectomized during that period developed invasive pneumococcal infection in contrast to none of the children splenectomized and vaccinated during the period 1979–87. Since 1982 antibiotic treatment of splenectomized patients running a fever has been recommended, and we show that the program of pneumococcal vaccination and defined antibiotic prophylaxis has been highly efficacious in preventing post‐splenectomy infections in

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11877.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.We retrospectively studied the incidence of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) in children during the 16‐year period 1971–86. First, all departments of pediatrics, pathology, and infectious diseases were enquired for children with FHL or disorders resembling FHL. Secondly, the causes of death of all children who died during the study period in Sweden (n= 19 542) were also investigated. Files and histological specimens were further studied in selected children. By using a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria, we found 32 children with FHL. The incidence was 1.2/1000000 children per year. One child per 50 000 live borns developed FHL during this period. The sex ratio was close to 1:1. Prominent early clinical signs were fever (91%), splenomegaly (84%), hepatomegaly (90%), rash (43%), and lymph node enlargement (42%). Neurological symptoms, which developed in 47%, could totally dominate the clinical picture and develop prior to other symptoms and signs. Common laboratory findings were pancytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, elevated serum transaminases, hyperbilirubinemia, hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, and a moderate spinal fluid pleocytosis. Chest X‐ray often revealed mostly discrete pulmonary infiltrates. FHL is an underdiagnosed disease and in only 11/32 children was diagnosis made during their lifetime. It is important to be aware of the disorder as potential therapy now e

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Absenteeism because of illness was recorded for 346 children and 98 staff members at eight daycare centers in Gothenburg during a nine‐month period between October 1987 and June 1988. A comparison was made with a similar, nationwide study, carried out in 1977 by the Swedish Central Bureau of Statistics. This comparison demonstrated that the absence of children and employees from daycare centers for health reasons was of the same proportion in the present study as that reported a decade earlier. Absenteeism because of illness among the 346 children at the daycare centers was also compared with absenteeism among 49 children in 14 groups run according to the three‐family system (three to six children/group). It was found that absenteeism was at least twice as frequent among children at daycare centers than among those in the three‐family s

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Auxological and endocrine data from 6 children (3 male, 3 female) aged 8.5–12.8 years with Noonan's syndrome and the results of treatment with human biosynthetic growth hormone (hGH) are presented. All the children were short (Ht SDS ‐3.5 to ‐2.3) and height velocity SDS ranged between ‐1.76 and +0.03. The maximum plasma growth hormone (GH) response to standard provocation tests ranged from 17 to 52 mU/l, yet, plasma insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) concentrations were low or low normal. Overnight GH secretory profiles were normal in all but 2 children who had disordered pulsatility with high trough concentrations. In 5 children who have completed one year of hGH therapy mean height velocity increased from 4.8 to 7.4 cm/year and the height velocity SDS ranged from +0.2 to +3.75. This improvement was associated with an increase in plasma IGF‐I in three subjects. These results suggest that a defect of the GH/IGF‐I axis may be present in some children with Noonan's syndrome and hGH therapy may have a role in the management of the short stature in

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.From a population‐based series of children with Infantile Hydrocephalus (IH) 69 patients (mean age 11.7 years) were examined with respect to the occurrence of autistic symptoms. Autistic symptomatology was evaluated according to a modified short Swedish version of the so‐called Autism Behavior Checklist. Sixteen of the 69 IH children (23%) reached a score which was considered indicative of autistic symp toms (AS) in the child. This group was compared with the remaining 53 IH children without autistic symptoms (non AS). Significant differences were found between these two groups with respect to aetiological and clinical data. In the AS group 44% were born preterm as compared to 9% in the non AS group. CT scan showed major abnormalities in 64% of the AS children while this was present in 28% in the non AS group. The occurrence of major neuroimpairments—epilepsy, mental retardation and cerebral palsy—was 50%, 88% and 50% in the AS group as compared to 9%, 23% and 1996 respectively in the non AS group. It was concluded that the more severe the brain damage in children with IH the more likely that autistic symptomatology would ensue. This implies that specific neuropsychiatric services to these families are r

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY